OCEANOGRAPHY 167 



it is done because the publication of biological treaties and mono- 

 graphs is very expensive indeed, and requires a special subsidy. 



The work is unavailable to other scientists until it has been pub- 

 lished. 



I think one of the most important things in terms of being able 

 to increase our knowledge in the biology of the sea is far greater 

 support for the U.S. National Museum and other university and pri- 

 vate museums, not only in terms of the facility itself, but m terms 

 of the provision for professional persomiel to do their work, teclinical 

 assistance for them, and provision for publication of the work. 



The U.S. National ^luseum serves the entire country and all of the 

 scientists and yet those of us in universities must think twice let us 

 say, then be a bit hesitant about going there to work on some particu- 

 lar group we may be especially interested in because we know if we 

 do some one of the already overburdened statT must take time off 

 from his work, show us where the collections are and help us get 

 bottles oft' the shelf. There is not sufficient teclmical persomiel even 

 to replace the preservatives properly, store the specimens back on 

 the shelf and keep collections in order, et cetera. 



The routine work of maintaining a good museum which is avail- 

 able and useful to biologists has not been sufficiently supported. 



I think this is a very ciying need. 



Mr. Peixt. I think the membei*s of this committee are very much 

 interested in your statement and I think that I can speak for all of 

 us, that we would be very glad to help in some way to encourage the. 

 Smithsonian and its U.S. ]Museum get adequate help to cat^li up. 

 and help the scientists. 



I was veiy much interested in the reference to the Columbia Rivei^ 

 and the salmon because, of course, in commercial life that means a lot 

 of money. It is always easier for one to justify to the taxpayer some 

 adequate return. 



I wonder, where have the fmids come from for the research that 

 has been going on all this time on the Columbia River and its changes 

 in temperature by Dr. Ordal ? Do you know who was financing his 

 research work? 



Dr. Ray. The particular work on Columnaris and other diseases, 

 in the salmon was financed through the Fish and Wildlife Service 

 by transfer of a grant of money from the Corps of Engineers. I 

 understand the development of information in river basins, et cetera, 

 comes mider the Corps of Engineers. This particular work at any 

 rate was financed in this v:aj : by a transfer of funds from the En- 

 gineers to the Fish and Wildlife Service and administered through 

 Fish and Wildlife. 



Mr. Pelly. I have heard the development of a fish farm, in order 

 to try to replace maybe some of the stream's supply that has been 

 eliminated as far as fish spawning is concerned, has resulted in some 

 evidence to the effect that maybe the fish are not as healthy when 

 they are raised that way and also they are subject to some diseases. 

 I think by feeding some particular food to the fish in one place they 

 did get a vims which spread and mavbe in its natural environment 

 salmon does a lot better. Is that true ? ' 



Dr. Ray. I think it generally is true in biological work that when 

 an aninial is confined you have a harder time keeping it healthy as 

 when it is in its natural state. 



