172 OCEANOGRAPHY 



marine biological organizations with adequate research ships designed to ijermit 

 continuing studies in the field, not only of individual animals and plants, but 

 also of populations of organisms. 



The committee may wish to know also that departments of limnology, i.e., 

 fresh-water biology, have produced many outstanding young scientists who 

 later became eminent in the fields of hydrobiology and oceanography. As a 

 matter of fact, these departments and fresh-water field stations represent, in my 

 opinion, an outstanding but poorly supported resource for the education and 

 training of young men and women who will later become interested in the in- 

 vestigation of the marine environment. 



This subcommittee deserves the respect and full support of the scientific com- 

 munity in the United States in its efforts to encourage additional research in 

 the marine sciences. I trust that my statement with regard to the role of the 

 hydrobiologists in contributing to the fulfillment of the needs of the Navy, as 

 well as the great importance of recognizing the contributions of the biologists 

 to our knowledge of the oceans, will be of some assistance to you. Again I 

 extend my sincere thanks for the privilege of appearing before this subcommittee. 



STATEMENT OF DR. SIDNEY GALLEK, HEAD, BIOLOGY BEANCH, 

 OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH; ACCOMPANIED BY MRS. HELEN 

 HAYES, ASSISTANT TO DR. GALLER 



Dr. Galler. Mr, Chainnan, gentlemen, it is a real privilege for 

 me to appear before you today to discuss the Navy's program in hydro- 

 biology and its relationship to the national plans for oceanography 

 and the bills on oceanography pending before this committee. 



Hydrobiology, like oceanography, is not a single discipline. 

 Rather, it consists of multidisciplinary investigations of the biological 

 constituents of marine, estuarine, and fresh-water environments ; in an 

 effort to characterize the biological factors in relation to the physical 

 and the chemical factors of these enviromnents. 



I should say at the outset that the Navy's hydrobiology program is a 

 basic research program, consisting of research projects as basic as 

 those supported by the National hcience Foundation. It is an un- 

 classified program. However, the objectives are applied and in some 

 cases classified. 



Incidentally, I am delighted to say that a previous witness. Dr. Dixy 

 Lee Ray, is representative of the competence of the scientists that the 

 Office of Naval Research has the privilege of supporting in its hydro- 

 biology program. 



My ver}^ brief statement may be divided into three general headings : 

 No. 1, why is the Navy interested in supi)orting a basic research pro- 

 gram in this field ? No. 2, a very brief resume of the many biological 

 disciplines which comprise what we call hydrobiology; and No. 3, a 

 brief survey of some of the problems confronting biologists in the 

 United States that limit their capabilities in basic research of interest 

 to the Navy. 



Generally, the Navy's interest in hydrobiology consist of three ob- 

 jectives: No. 1, the control of marine organisms, both plant and ani- 

 mal, which may interfere with the efficient utilization of materials, 

 components, equipment, and the performance of naval personnel m the 

 conduct of naval operations. The prevention of marine biological 

 deterioration and fouling is one example of a control problem ; No. 2, 

 tlie utilization of marine animals and plants and their products in 

 ways designed to enhance naval operations; and No. 3, investigations 

 of biological systems in an effort to duplicate some of the biological 

 phenomena of particular interest in the Navy. 



