210 OCEANOGRAPHY 



the upper 200 fathoms of the ocean in particnhir circuhites. "VVTiole 

 new currents as big as major rivei^s liave been discovered. The effects 

 of these upon the total ocean circulation are still in the process of 

 beino^ elucidated. I believe, however, that, as major a contribution 

 as this program has made to us has been not only the scientific in- 

 fonnation, the new concepts which Avere developed there, but the men 

 who were trained there. 



Dr. Sette and ]Mr. JMcKernan, Dr. Schaefer, Dr. Kask of Canada, 

 and Mr. Murphy of the California Cooperative Sardine Investigation 

 are all graduates of that school, you might say. They were trained 

 while they were learning. Through that mechanism we have obtained 

 a fine group of scientist administrators which we did not have 10 years 

 ago and who are leaders in this field now. 



The information which was brought forward by the investigations 

 was not directly useful to us but it lead to the establishment of Dr. 

 Sette's laboratory that I mentioned before at Stanford to further ex- 

 plore and elucidate the relationsliip between the weather, ocean, and 

 fish production. 



This has proceeded so very well. Ten years ago we did not have 

 very much scientific knowledge about the eastern Pacific. We did not 

 have trained people adequate to investigate the intricate problems in- 

 volved. We did not have the ships or the institutions to sponsor and 

 support and be used by these men. Now we have and our problem in 

 these last few years has been budgetary as nnich as anything else^ — 

 getting the funds with which to enable these scientists and institu- 

 tions to properly engage in their work. 



We ran into great difficulty in the Department of the Interior on 

 this in 1954 and 1955, which all of you people will remember, and as 

 a consequence, we joined with all the other fishing interests in the 

 countiy in recommending to the Congress a reorganization of the 

 way in which the Department of the Interior handled its fisheries 

 responsibilities. This led to you people adopting the Fish and Wild- 

 life Act of 1956, which reorganized completely this administration 

 of commercial fisheries work and has been attended with great benefit 

 as far as we are concerned. 



The Bureau of Commercial Fislieries wliich was establislied under 

 that legislation lias gone forward in its work in a very fruitful, able, 

 and effective manner so far as we are concerned, and I think that 

 feeling is rather general around the fishing communities of the 

 country. 



The first thing that was done in our area was the establishment 

 of a program in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography by contract 

 with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries on tuna research which 

 was a broad basic study and a lougrange one to determine what was 

 the effect specifically in our fishing areas of the changes in ocean 

 climate, you might call it, upon the biological productivity of the 

 area — the productivity of the tuna, in particular, of the area — and 

 the times and places at wliicli tlie tuna would aggregate in maximum 

 concentrations. 



The aim of the work specifically was to result in lower cost per ton 

 of production and, therefore, lower the cost of tuna to the consumer 

 in tlie United States. 



This work has been proceeding veiy effectively. 



