38 OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES 



the bottom of the picture back of us for 5 miles to Long Beach liad 

 been recently restored by artificial replenishment of the beach. 



Four million cubic yards of sand were placed there. 



In 1955, the improvement of the bay for navigation was well under- 

 way. This plan was carefully designed to provide the maximum 

 benefit and stabilization of the formerly unstable shores to the west, 

 in this case to your left. This is the work partially completed. 



In 1956, the bay was being dredged and the material was being used 

 to complete the restoration of Alamitos Bay beaches. This was in 

 connection with the development of a small craft marijia to meet the 

 needs of this area. 



I give you this history primarily to illustrate the triple purpose 

 planning that went into tliis project, flood control, navigation improve- 

 ment, shore stabilization and protection. 



This picture in 1956 shows the completed entrance channel, the 

 very nearly completed shore stabilization and the marina inside be- 

 ginning to take shape. 



A year later, this is the finished harbor improvement project. Re- 

 membering the first slide that I sliowed you, this illustrates the com- 

 plete revamping of this shore region. See the broad beach on the right 

 which in the previous picture you have seen as being quite narrow and 

 exposing the whole region to the sea. 



This region is now extremely stable. 



Other works which you cannot see in the picture have produced 

 7 miles of manmade water front which has no further prospect of 

 erosion and will remain stable as far as we can see in the future. 



This is a view from another direction. This shows the moorings for 

 small craft in the newly developed marina, the marina which, by the 

 way, was full within a week after it was opened. They are now 

 doubling the size of it at the pi-esent time. 



This last view was taken at Long Beach, Calif. This is about 7 

 miles west of the region we have just been looking at, looking toward 

 Alamitos Bay. 



The shores here were entirely depleted in 1940. There was no sand 

 left. The bluffs were being attacked by waves. 



The whole 7-mile reach has been restored and is being controlled 

 by man. All the engineering that went into the planning for this 

 development had at least part of its foundation in the research work 

 Mr. (Caldwell described to you. There is a great deal we would still 

 like to know that we do not know and that is the reason more research, 

 of course, is required. 



Now, going to the southeast of Alamitos Bay, we come to Anaheim 

 Bay. This is the way it looked in 1933. You can see that the 

 beaches were fairly wide, but the shores at the inlet were quite unstable 

 and subject to major variation during storms. Very little improve- 

 ment had been undertaken here. 



This is a view in 1939 sliowing that the shore is changed somewhat 

 but still there has been no improvement at the inlet. 



I might mention that the beacli conditions you see here were about 

 the worst that they normally experienced before man-made works 

 started to upset the situation at this Ideation. 



This is a picture in 1947 shortly after the end of World War II, 

 showing a harbor built during the war for emergency requirements of 

 the Navy whicli completely cut ofl' the sand supply to the region 



