OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES 39 



beyond at the upper part of the picture. All of the sandy beach that 

 used to exist there is practically gone in this picture. In this same 

 year the Congress made an emergency appropriation of $250,000, 

 which the Chief of Engineers was asked to spend to take emergency 

 action at this location. This was done and the improvement lasted 

 5 years. By that time the Navy liad some dredging to do in the 

 harbor. They put sand on North Beach and that lasted another 

 nearly 5 years, and the condition at the present time is right where 

 you see it in this picture. This is a problem that has not been solved. 



We have a project approved to solve it but the local people have 

 not yet been able to raise the money necessary to meet their sliare of 

 the cost. 



Our solution involves the use of the sand which will only last for 50 

 years. This is the sand that lies in a marsh area that you see in the 

 background area. 



Sometime within the next 50 years, we must devise a method of 

 protecting this shore adequately and economically without having to 

 use this sand in the back because it will be gone. This we hope to do 

 through better knowledge of shore processes. 



This is perhaps a familiar sight to some of you. This is at Waikiki. 

 Waikiki in 1950 had only a stretch of beach 200 feet long in front of 

 the Royal Hawaiian Hotel. Now it has broad beaches throughout. 

 This is in front of Kuhio Park which had no beach left in 1950. This 

 is now a beautiful spot again as it was 50 years ago. 



This is the Hammonasset Beach in Connecticut. This is one of 20 

 projects in Connecticut, 15 completed and 5 underway. This was 

 nothing but rocky beach 2 years earlier. This picture was taken in 

 1957 the year the work was completed. 



This is Prospect Beach at West Haven, Conn. This also has been 

 restored. Here we had to add some groins which you can see in the 

 background. 



This next view is Seaside Park, also in Connecticut. This beach 

 has just been restored. It was entirely devoitl of sand prior to its 

 restoration. 



This next view is at Lake Worth Inlet, Fla., just prior to the dedi- 

 cation of this new tool for shore stabilization. This is a fixed sand by- 

 passing plant that will offset tlie damaging effects of inlets. Inlets 

 block the saiid that normally nourishes the shore or store it whe-re it 

 does no good. This machine will pick up the sand, pump it across 

 the inlet and insure that the beach is nourished as if there were no 

 inlet there and thereby avert an erosion problem. 



We are not able to divert all of the sand because of local develop- 

 ments that interfere. We are able to divert with this machine about 

 half of the requirements. The rest will have to come from Lake 

 Worth over the years. 



This is a picture of Palm Beach showing the present rather depleted 

 condition of the shore. This was taken in 1957, which was at about 

 the terminus of an improved era that had resulted from restoration of 

 the beach in 1951. 



This is San Francisco Beacli. I put this in to show the condition 

 as it was in 1958. 



I visited this beach in the fall of 1959 and the entire sand beach that 

 you see here had disappeared. At high tide the waves were lapping 

 the seawall. This is simply an indication of how rapidly things can 

 change. 



