34 OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 



Deep Ocean Research Planned for Bathyscaph is 



1. ocean ogbaphic projects 

 ( a ) Submarine geology : 



(1 ) Topographic studies— study of features too large to photograph aud 



too small to study easily with echo sounders. 



(a) Channels at mouth of LaJolla and Scripps Submarine Can- 



yon. 



(b) Study of "levees" on channels in San Diego Ti-ough. 



(c) Study of detailed topography of upper continental slope— 



.50-500 feet. 



(d) Study of topography of continental slope between border- 



land and deep ocean. 



(2) Mass physicalproperties of sediments. 



(a) "In situ" sound velocity and absorption measurements 



(b) Strength and penetrability study of sediments. 



(o) Slope failure and slump studies and relation to topography 

 sediment types. 



(d) Temperature studies in sediments. 

 (8) General studies. 



( a ) Geology and hydrology of closed basins. 



(h) Areal di.stribution and environmental studies of phospho- 

 rite and other minerals. 



(c) Geology, topography, and hydrology of borderland basin 



sills. 



(d) Dynamic processes affecting the distribution of sediments 



and sedimentation processes. 



(b) Physical and chemical oceanography : 



( 1 ) Physical properties of the sea. 



(a) Temperature structure. 



(b) Density. 



(c) Water transparency. 



(d) Light penetration. " 



( 2 ) Chemical properties of the sea. 



(a) Salinity. 



(b) Dissolved gas. 



(c) Dissolved solids. 



(d) Suspended colloids. 



(e) Radioactivity (cooperative study with other naval labora- 



tories). 



(c) Biological oceanography : 



( 1 ) Distribution of animal and plant life. 



(a) Plankton and relationships to sound transmission 

 /o^ T,. ^^) Organic detritus and relationships to sound transmission 



(2) Biological noises. 



(a) Kinds, distribution, and intensity of biological noises. 



(b) Biological noises and target classification. 



(3) Ecological studies. 



(a) Ecology and sound transmission — physicochemical rela- 



tiomships of deep-water and marine organisms. 



(b) Benthonic organisms and their relationship to food chains 



influence on topography and sedimentation, and possible 

 influence on the concentration of radioactive materials 

 that occur in limited quantities in the water mass. 



< c ) Deep-sea organisms and sound generation. 



( d ) Distribution and quantity of bioluminescence. 



2. ACOUSTIC PROJECTS 



(a) Continuous sound velocity profiles (continuation of the measurements 



planned for Project Sonus to be conducted in June 1960 in the Marianas 

 Trench ) . 



(b) Deep scattering layer investigations correlating accustic measurement vis- 



ual observations, and photography. 



(c) Study of sound field levels in the sea from near snrfa.-e sources at various 



frequencies. 



'» "Frontit'i-s in (Jccanic Kcsfurcli," (ip. cil., ]>]<. 2H 21t. 



