60 



OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 



All of the 70 organizations in Table 3 have been identified accord- 

 ing to type of performance, and in addition Government laboratories 

 have been fm"ther delineated according to the particular sponsoring 

 agency. 



The second type of classification of these organizations in Table 3 

 follows the definitions by the NASCO Committee as to whether or 

 not they comprise a large or small university laboratory, a large or 

 small fishery laboratory, or a Naval unit. In this context, the dis- 

 tinction between "large" or "small" relates to whether annual fund- 

 ing is greater or less than $300,000. This size budget also coincides 

 with the demarcation of laboratories operating sea-going ships. The 

 differentiation as between universities, fisheries, and Naval units was 

 derived from the type of program in which they were primarily 

 engaged: those focused explicitly on marine biology were called 

 fishery laboratories; those having broader interests were termed 

 university laboratories; those deriving their funds almost exclusively 

 from Naval sources, whether or not they were Government-owned 

 and operated, were termed Naval laboratories.** 



These same 70 oceanic research organizations have been further 

 classified in Table 4 according to their type of program and scope of 

 geographic interest. The program content is implied to a great extent 

 from the types of research previously described in Section V. The 

 delineation by geographic interest is, in most cases, directly linked 

 with the facilities on hand. Any interest in deep-sea research would 

 be obviously academic without the availability of a sufficiently large 

 and seaworthy research vessel. Other distinctions between deep 

 water, coastal and local boundaries of interest are self-evident. 



Table 3. — Lint of oceanographic research laboratories according to type of 



organization 



See footnotes at end of table, p. 63. 



" Reference has been made to "military" oceanography as that portion of marine science directed toward 

 research and development of a specific hardware item or system having diroet military application and 

 falling in the realm of classifK-d security information. The Navy units identified in the NASCO report 

 participate in proL'raras of military oceanography, but they also participate in Navy-sponsored programs 

 having less specific application drawing on a broader base of scientific fundamentals and partly or fully 

 unclassified. Military oce;mography, per se, vras not included in the NASCOroport, whereas the latter 

 type of Navy-sponsored research has been. 



