OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 



71 



are given in Table 7, indicating that the Ph. D. content of oceano- 

 graphic staff is unusually rich. 



The tabulation of Ph. D. ratio by large and small universities, 

 fisheries or Naval units, is most significant in revealing the relatively 

 fewer number of Ph. D.'s in Naval organizations. This is generally 

 consistent with well recognized contemporary problems in staffing 

 Government-owned and operated laboratories. 



Table 7a. — Ratio of doctorates to all degrees in various broad fields of research^ 



' This tabulation includes both junior and senior research personnel. 



Source: "1959 XationarSurvey of Professional Sclentiflc Salaries," Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of 

 the University of California, Los Alamos, N. Mex., p. 18. 



Table 7b. — Ratio of doctorates to all degrees for senior investigators in various fields 



of science ^ 



Field 



Agricultural sciences- 

 Biological sciences 



Medical sciences 



Psychology 



Earth sciences 



Meteorology 



Mathematics 



Astronomy 



Physics 



Chemistry 



Chemical engineering 

 Sanitary engineering., 

 AU other engineering. 

 AU other specialties.. 



• This tabulation includes only senior personnel. 



Source: "Scientific Manpower BuUetin" NSF 60-22, AprU 1960, No. 11, p. 3. 



Table 6 further includes the annual research budget per scientific 

 staff member. The average of $15,000 per man for Fiscal 1958 seems 

 somewhat lower than figures of $20,000 to $22,000 per man mformally 

 quoted by research administrators as a typical operatmg cost. The 

 fact that oceanographers "cost less" per man to support, if indeed this 

 is the case, is all the more striking because, as is brought out subse- 

 quently, facilities represent a significant cost element in terms of 

 initial cost and amortization and ship operating costs. This anomaly 

 can only be resolved by further study of the salaries of those engaged 



