OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 85 



Such items would include manned research platforms, both floating 

 and located on the ocean bottom; anchored and drifting buo^-^s, both 

 manned and unmanned; aircraft for joint operations with surface ships; 

 siu-face icebreakers; and various types of heavy engineering equipment 

 for midertaking heavy operations in the sea such as drilling. 



3. Shore-Based Facilities 



No inventory of shore-based facilities was included in the NASCO 

 study. It is apparent, however, that the conduct of research is as 

 vitally dependent on laboratories, specialized scientific equipment, 

 shops, office space, and data processing equipment as it is on ships and 

 deep-sea vehicles. Data for the major laboratories conducting re- 

 search under sponsorship of the Navy were collected for Project 

 TENOC, and additional items of unpublished information now reside 

 at NAS-NRC. Because it is somewhat fragmentary, no attempt has 

 been made to tabulate this mformation as was done for the ships. 

 Moreover, even if the square feet of floor space were smmnarized, 

 interpretation of these bald statistics alone would be difficult. Ocea- 

 nographers point out, however, that the present facilities are crowded 

 and inadequate if one considers the age of buildings which house these 

 operations, and the lack of new construction during the interval that 

 this research was expanding. 



D. FUNDING 



Having defined the ingredients of organizations conducting researcli, 

 the status of U.S. manpower and facilities, and having noted in some 

 detail the unfulfilled potential of research in the oceans, the inevitable 

 fact must be faced that the success and vitality of any program de- 

 pends on adequate and continuous funding. Plans, policies, and 

 intentions are meaningless without this significant energizing factor 

 and whereas most research administrators, in moments of candor, 

 admit that goals are best achieved when operating somewhat hungry, 

 the debilitating effects of starvation are well kno%\Ti. Funding, as 

 manpower, has been a significant factor on the rate of advance. 



Recent figures and trends have been collected by the National 

 Academy of Sciences, and additional data have been developed for 

 purposes of this report from U.S. Nav}^ and other Government sources. 

 Because of differences in definitions, and in budget classification and 

 accounting practices, it has been exceedingly difficult to find a common 

 base to which fiscal data from all sources could be referred. Tables 

 which follow contain explanator}^ notes by which discrepancies have 

 been reconciled. 



In the first instance, since Fiscal 1958 has been used as a base for 

 evaluating the current level of effort and for proposals for future 

 expansion, NASCO data on funding for that year is given in Table 

 10. Support that vear from both Federal and non-Federal sources 

 was $23,626,000. to this amount should be added, for Fiscal 1958, 

 $3.69 million U.S. Navy funds for rehabilitation of ships Chain, 

 Snatch and Gibbs and for purchase of the bathyscaph Trieste; and 

 $2.99 milhon for direct and ship operation costs for hydrographic 

 surveying by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The revised totals and 

 som-ces of financial support are given in Table 1 1 . 



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