102 OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 



(/) Special Committee jor Antarctic Research OSCAZ?).— This organ- 

 ization is similar to SCOR in preserving continuity of IGY activities 

 in the Antarctic. 



2. Organizations Associated with the United Nations 



(a) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). — -This organization, 

 interested in raising the nutrition and standards of hving of peoples 

 everywhere, sponsors conferences on utilization and development of 

 fisheries, and has made a small number of fellowships available to 

 students in marine sciences from underdeveloped countries. 



(6) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). — IAEA provides 

 a mechanism for communication on problems in handling and disposal 

 of radioactive wastes. 



(c) United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization 

 (UNESCO). — ^This important agency of the U.N. promotes collabo- 

 ration among nations through programs in exchange of information, 

 symposia, etc. The International Advisory Committee on Marine 

 Sciences (lACOMS) is part of the natural sciences program of 

 UNESCO : it encourages development of marine sciences in geographi- 

 cal areas where little has been done, and where benefits would accrue 

 from increased supply of protein from the sea — mostly through fellow- 

 ships and regional conferences and international symposia. 



{d) World Meteorological Organization (WMO). — This agency en- 

 courages standardization of data collection, interpretation, and ex- 

 change of data and encourages research, particularly in matters of 

 water resources. 



3. Other International Organizations Interested in Oceanography 



(a) International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) — standardizes nau- 

 tical charts and arranges for worldwide exchange of hydrographic 

 information. 



(6) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) — ^is 

 the oldest international oceanographic organization, devoted to pro- 

 motion of cooperation of member governments particularly for fishery 

 management. This organization is said to have a strong history of 

 success with international agreements even in environments laden 

 with strong national feelings. 



(c) International Ice Patrol (IIP) — -organized in 1914 by treaty to 

 improve safety of navigation in the vicinity of the Grand Banks; makes 

 oceanographic observations during the iceberg season. 



(d) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) — In carrying out 

 its charter, dedicated to collective defense of member nations, NATO 

 has a working group on ocean shipping that includes a Subcommittee 

 on Oceanography. It is also sponsoring an oceanic research labora- 

 tory at La Spezia, Italy. 



(e) Pan American Institute of Geography and History — through a 

 committee on oceanography of the oceans, this group has prepared 

 technical background for studies of the oceans by the Organization 

 of American States, and the Inter-American Economic and Social 

 Council. 



(f) Pacific Science Association — is a private international (regional) 

 organization of scientists interested in problems of the Pacific Ocean. 



