OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 105 



tion of A. A. Yushc'hak is located at Kropotkinskiy perevlok dom 6, 

 Moscow. There is also a Leningrad branch under the direction of 

 Yu. V. Preobrazhenskiy and a laboratory on the Caspian Sea. The 

 staffs number approximately 200 at the Moscow institute and 100 at 

 Leningrad Branch. The facilities of the institute include the research 

 vessels Professor Rudovits and Okeanograf and a 32-component 

 Doodson tide machine. 



The institute is principally concerned with the waters immediately 

 adjacent to the U.S.S.R. The research is undertaken as support to 

 economic activities such as the fishing industry, the merchant marine, 

 and the oil industry. It is concerned with theoretical investigations 

 and the development of new methods, mainly in physical and dynamic 

 oceanography. Besides conducting research, the institute also pub- 

 lishes books and tables, supervises the scientific programs of a net- 

 work of marine hydrometeorological stations, prepares oceanographic 

 forecasts, and develops new instrumentation. Much of the research 

 work is published in the journal of the institute, Trudy, Gosudarstvennyy 

 Okeanogrqficheskiy Institut. 



The Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Research Institute. — There is a 

 Department of Oceanology within this institute and it is concerned 

 with the oceanography of the Arctic and Antarctic areas and with ice 

 forecasting for the Main Administration of the Northern Sea Route. 

 The institute is located at Fontanka 34, Leningrad, and is under the 

 direction of V. Frolov. Its Department of Oceanologj' with a staff 

 of 125 to 150 is under A. F. Laktionov. There is also a small labora- 

 tory in Moscow maintained for routine chemical, physical, and 

 geological analysis and for the production of "normal sea water." 

 Oceanographic research by the institute has been conducted aboard 

 the Ob', Lena, Fedor Litke, Biu, Aktyubinsk, Toros, Polyarnik, and 

 Lomonosov. 



The Department of Oceanology is concerned with all aspects of 

 oceanography of the polar regions, including the study of sea ice. 

 It is also responsible for observing and predicting sea ice and its 

 movement. Members of the department participate in shipboard, 

 au-borne, and drift station expeditions in support of this research. 

 The institute publication Problemy Arktiki reports much of the results 

 from the oceanographic research. 



All-Union Scientijic Research Institute of Fish Economy and Oceanog- 

 raphy. — -The institute was organized in 1933 by the combination of 

 the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and 

 the State Oceanographic Institute. In 1943 the State Oceanographic 

 Institute again separated leaving the present organization. The main 

 institute under the direction of G. K. Izhveskiy is located in Moscow 

 and is subordinate to the Ministry of Fish Industry. This institute 

 also has regional affiliates — in Murmansk, the Polar Scientific Re- 

 search Institute of Fish Economy and Oceanography; in Kaliningrad, 

 the Baltic Scientific Research Institute of Fish Economy and Oceanog- 

 raphy; and in the Far East, the Pacific Ocean Scientific Research 

 Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography. 



The institute and its affiliates are concerned mth oceanography in 

 support to fisheries and basically with the ecological aspects. Con- 

 sequently, the institute is active in routine oceanographic surveys 

 both in support of existing fishing areas and in the development of 



