100 



OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 



new ones. In support of its research activities, the main institute 

 has been assigned a submarine undergoing conversion for oceano- 

 graphic research. 



Manpower 



A review of the two principal Soviet journals abstracting oceano- 

 graphic articles indicates that approximately 500 Soviet scientists 

 and technicians have authored articles in the field of oceanography 

 subsequent to 1954. The distribution of these individuals by specialty 

 is shown in the following table: 



Distribution of Soviet authors by specialty (1956) 



Physical and Dynamic Oceanography: 



General 78 



Circulation and Currents 55 



Thermal Structure, Balance, and Processes 56 



Tides, Seiches, and Sea Level 41 



Waves and Tsunamis 77 



Total 307 



Chemical Oceanography 36 



Submarine Geology 65 



Instrumentation and Methodology 37 



Polar Oceanography and Ice Studies 50 



Hydrometeorology (Oceanographic Forecasting) 27 



Total 522 



The total of 522 is assumed to include many technicians who were 

 junior authors of published articles. Furthermore, many of the 

 authors have but a single contribution and are better knoW in other 

 scientific disciplines. Nevertheless, the estimate of approxmiately 

 500 oceanographers in the U.S.S.R. based on published scientific 

 papers agrees satisfactorily with known and estmiated manpower 

 assignments of the leading oceanographic research facilities, the figures 

 for which are shown in the following table: 



Manpower at Soviet oceanographic institutions 



> 500-plus. 3 Estimated. 



The estirnations in the table are based on the relative research 

 activities with respect to known institutes and also responsibilities 

 for oceanographic research. 



