OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 119 



Federal Government working together both in planning and in providing the 

 moneys. ^^ 



Taking into account the relative degrees of interest and importance of oceanog- 

 raphy to individual agencies, the Committee recommends: 



4. The Navy and the National Science Foundation should each finance 

 about 50 percent of the new basic research activity except ship construction. 

 The Navy should finance 50 percent of the new research ship construction 

 with the Maritime Administration and the National Science Foundation 

 sharing the remainder. The Navy, through the Hydrographic Office, should 

 finance 50 percent of the deep ocean surveys, while the Coast and Geodetic 

 Survey should finance the balance. The Navy should sponsor completely 

 all military research and development operations. The Bureau of Commercial 

 Fisheries should finance the greater part of the recommended ocean resources 

 prograyn. The Atomic Energy Commission should finance the major part of the 

 research dealing withe problems of radioactive contamination of the oceans. 

 The National Science Foundation and the Office of Education should sponsor 

 jointly the proposed program for increasing scientific and technical manpower 

 in the marine sciences. Efforts aimed at fostering international cooperation 

 in the marine sciences should be sponsored by the Department of State, the 

 international cooperation in the marine sciences should be sponsored by the 

 Department of State, the International Cooperation Administration and the 

 National Science Foundation. Other agencies should taJce responsibility for 

 certain aspects of the proposed program particularly the Public Health Service, 

 the Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines. 



Although the bulk of oceanographic research and survey work must of necessity 

 by financed by the Federal Government, the value of state and private fund's 

 cannot be overestimated. Such funds are especiallly helpful for supporting initial 

 exploratory basic research and for staring new laboratories. Accordingly, the 

 Committee recommends : 



5. Private foundations and universities, industry and State governments 

 should all take an active part in the recommended program of expansion.^^ 



Eecapitulating : the NASCO recommendations urged an immediate 

 expansion in the national oceanographic effort, both for basic research 

 and for oceanwide surveys, at least by a factor of two. The necessary 

 funding was visuahzed as coming almost exclusively from the Federal 

 Government, with especiall}- rapid growth in sponsorship by the 

 Xational Science Foundation. 



In addition to the preceding general recommendations, the NASCO 

 studj' set forth explicit details of a 10-year program. 



Specific projects were outlined in the areas of basic research, of 

 new resources and of radioactivity in the sea, and far more extensive 

 hydrographic surveying. The number of new ships required both to 

 replace existing, obsolete vessels and to enlarge the present fleet was 

 also specified, together with needs for special vehicles for the exploration 

 of the ocean and for new shore facilities. With such planning data, 

 the capital and operating costs of this program were estimated in 

 terms of a yearly budget, further broken down according to proposed 

 sponsoring Federal agency. 



The NASCO studies include comprehensive fiscal requirements for 

 the next 10 years of oceanography. These data, however, have not 

 been reproduced verbatim for a number of reasons. In the first 

 instance, the proposed programs were expressed only in terms of 

 increase over Fiscal 1958, used as a base, and were thus not available 

 in the NASCO reports in terms Di the total required jor each year or 

 from each agency. Secondh', the 1958 base itself utilized in_ the 

 NASCO reports, though complete in most details, includes neither 



82 One method suggested for developing more effective Interagency cooperation is through the proposed 

 Federal Council for Science and Technology. This Council is described in "Strengthening American 

 Science," a recent report of the President's Science Advisory Committee. 



» NASCO Report, ch. 1, op. cit., pp. 6-8. 



