128 OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 



Sciences for studies of the national posture. Concurrently, the 

 Navy undertook a more modest evaluation of its own activities 

 and of its long-range interests in the oceans. Beginning in 1957, and 

 concluding in October 1958, the Office of Naval Research developed 

 what has been termed the TENOC program. 



The significance that the Navy attaches to this program is attested 

 by its endorsement on January 1, 1959, by Adm. Arleigh A. Burke, 

 Chief of Naval Operations, explicitly stating that it will be supported 

 "within budget limits in the Navy's research and development, ship- 

 building, and military construction programs." 



The TENOC report concerns itself primarily with present and 

 planned programs of the following civilian laboratories which are 

 heavily sponsored by naval contracts; it does not include the inhouse 

 research of the Government laboratories although supplementary 

 studies are now in progress to develop such information. Also, 

 military oceanography and hydrographic surveying were omitted. 



Table 23. — Oceanographic laboratories studied in TENOC 



Percentage of effort 

 sponaored by U.S. Navy, 

 Name Fiscal Year 1959 



Scripps Institution of Oceanography 50 



Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 70 



Lamont Geological Observatory 33 



Hudson Laboratory 100 



University of Miami 40 



University of Washington 65 



Texas A&M College.: 20 



Chesapeake Bay Institute 33 



Narrangansett Marine Laboratory 45 



Oregon State College 1 90 



New York University 50 



Source: TENOC report. 



For each of these laboratories, the current program was inventoried 

 in considerable detail, as were the personnel and available facilities 

 including ships, buildings, and laboratories. The annual budgets for 

 Fiscal 1958 and Fiscal 1959 wore then listed, including that percent 

 of the 1959 budget supported bv some element of the Navv. (See 

 Table 23.) ' 



For each of these laboratories, specific recommendations were then 

 developed for scientific programs to be conducted for the Navy during 

 the next 10 years, including program content, and details of the rate 

 at which personnel, facilities, ships and aircraft should be increased. 

 Finally, for each of these laboratories, a budget was projected for this 

 10-year interval. 



The total program entails an annual increase of R. & D. funding 

 of approximately $2 million, from a fiscal 1959 base of $7,600,000. 

 Increasing bv approximately $2 million each year from 1959 to 1969, 

 the funding' for Fiscal 1969 would be $27,814,000. Additionally, 

 the TENOC program recommended a total 10-year expenditure of 

 $11,814,000 for buildings, $51,600,000 for 18 oceanographic research 

 ships and $1,000,000 for pier construction. 



It is difficult to draw exact comparisons between the TENOC and 

 NASCO recommendations because the scope of the two studies was 

 different. The NASCO report was concerned with the entire national 



