OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 



149 



steadily until for fiscal year 1961 it is projected for $17 million. A 

 glance at Table 28 reveals an uneven record of naval support, especially 

 considering shrinkage of research effort during intervals of inflation. 



Table 28. — Navy funding for conduct of oceanographic research, 1951-61 



[Millions of dollars] 



Source: 



' "Oceanography in U.S.," op. cit., p. 138 (Eear Adm. John T. Hayward). 



2 "Frontiers in Oceanic Research," op. cit., p. 63. Lack of agreement with Navy data in Tables 13 and 14 

 is proljably due to different definitions of oceanography. 



E. COOEDINATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS 



It is clear that the Federal Government now plays a dominant role 

 in the support of oceanographic research that is showing signs of 

 increasing. Especially if the program should expand by a factor of 

 four as recommended by all of the studies thus far, effectiveness in 

 coordination of the different elements is criticaUy important to its 

 success. With various Federal agencies now having statutoiy juris- 

 diction over these separate elements, coordination on a formal basis 

 has been recommended by a number of the witnesses appearing before 

 interested committees of the Congress, as well as by those having ad- 

 ministrative responsibility. As has been said previously, there is 

 widespread agreement on the need; differences in viewpoints arise on 

 the mechanism. 



Before examining various methods of coordination, present and 

 proposed, it may be helpful to the reader to examine the fundamental 

 proposition of the objectives of such coordination. Omitting the more 

 obvious generalities, the goals of coordination in the context of 

 oceanic research may be said to include : 



(a) Definition of a single national program in oceanography, 

 including a statement of purpose, the long-term plans by which 

 that objective may be achieved, including the delineation of the 

 various sectors of the program represented by interests or juris- 

 diction of the different agencies which in the aggregate identify a 

 single Federal program; 



(6) Formulation of a single Federal budget, broken do\vn by 

 agency and by function, representing the funds required for 

 research, for surveying, for new ships and facihties; 



(c) Procedures for following up these various programs to be 

 sure that the mtended balance is achieved, and that none sufl^ers 

 from want of vigorous leadership, funds or program that would 

 prejudice the broader goals; 



{d) Standardization of methods of collecting and tabulating 

 data and means for exchange of data so that duplication is mini- 

 mized, and the best possible use made of what is collected; 



(e) Coordination in planning of cruises to take every possible 

 advantage of research ships simultaneously servmg scientific needs 

 of several organizations. 



(/) Detailed coordination of programs to be sure that unknow- 

 ing duphcation in the conduct of research is minimized and, at 



56612—60 11 



