OCEAN SCIENCES AND NATIONAL SECURITY 171 



7. With regard to militar}' versus civilian balance, the greatest 

 proportion of Federal support now comes from the Navy Department. 

 The Navy's responsibilities with regard particularly to antisubmarine 

 defense make it clear that they must have a heavy and continuing 

 interest in oceanic research. However, the civilian aspects of research 

 are linked strongly to om* national security in terms of domestic eco- 

 nomic strength and in terms of continued international leadership. 

 There appears to be agreement that the nonmilitary programs of basic 

 and applied research in oceanography ma}^ outstrip the military 

 programs. There is thus a question as to where leadership for a broad 

 national program should be vested. 



8. If existing statutory authority is deemed insufficient, what form 

 of new legislation is required? Analysis of ciu"rent problems focuses 

 priority attention on the elements of a unified program and related 

 interagency coordination. 



B. EMERGING ISSUES 



The Congress now has before it a number of pending bills concerned 

 specifically with oceanic research. It is recognized, however, that 

 this field represents but one of many requiring special emphasis or 

 support in terms of contemporary events. Moreover, there is an 

 awakened recognition that science and technology generally are 

 playmg an increasingly significant role in domestic and international 

 affairs. There is thus reason to examine certain of the issues con- 

 fronting the program in oceanography in the broader context of prob- 

 lems facing the national program of research. These broader issues 

 may be phrased as questions : 



(1) What now constitutes a national policy regarding science and 

 technology? How have these policies been formulated, and what pro- 

 vision is made for a continuing attention to establishment of policies 

 that can serve as a frame of reference when evaluating specific items 

 of proposed legislation? 



(2) Is a new pattern of Federal organization necessary to accommo- 

 date the emerging demands for Federal operations in the field of science 

 and technology? 



(3) When specific fields are identified as neglected and, for reasons 

 of national security, in need of stimulation, what measures should the 

 Federal Government take regarding manpower, facilities, funds, and 

 organization? 



(4) What national policies can be established that will motivate 

 interest and investment on the part of private industry to engage in or 

 otherwise foster basic research? 



