IOC/B-50 (2) -10- 



nutrients between surface and bottom is considered to be a first requirenent . 

 A grid of oceanographic stations witb one station about every five degree square 

 (about 1,000 stations) using standardized techniques and including winter 

 observations would permit a quantitative evaluation of voluiae end distribution 

 of all water masses. It also will provide a base line for future studies of 

 seciilar change in the deep ocean. 



22. It is considered desirable to obtain direct measurements of flow of deep 

 water in channels connecting ocean basins. By such meas\irements it is considered 

 to be possible to obtain estimates of the balance of water, salt, heat and 

 dissolved substances. 



23. ^stematic measurements and analyses of deep sea tides in the world ocean 

 are proposed leading to the construction of global cotidal charts and application 

 to veirious geophj'sical problems, such as estimation of dissipation of tidal 

 energy through friction, the transition problem connecting deep sea tides and 

 those on the shelf, etc.. For the problem of tidal transition between the shelf 

 and deep water in particular, it appears likely that during the next few years 

 various nations will be making an intensive effort to investigate the transition 

 problem off their respective shelves. In the deep ocean measurements are to be 

 made by bottom pressure recorders capable of making hourly measurements for one 

 month of tidal height to the nearest centimeter in depths up to 6 km.. 

 Instruments capable of such measurements at each of some 300 stations in various 

 parts of the ocean would be appropriate. 



2k. One of the most important applications of meteorological and physical 

 oceanographic data, particularly fordeveloping countries, is in the selection 

 and design of harbor sites. Certain oceanographic factors must be known if the 

 most advantageo\is sites are to be selected and if diannels and structures are to 

 be properly designed. 



25. The importance of ocean surface wave data for a number of engineering 

 purposes should be recognized. For planning construction and operations, data 

 are needed in the form of continuous observations, measurements or hindcasts so 

 that the statistical properties can be determined. 



26. Where established laboratories and ships are available in a region they will 

 provide the most appropriate base for investigations requiring continuity in time 

 and frequent repetition of measurements. Vftiere such local facilities are not 

 available, serious consideration should be given to the use of resident ships 

 suitably eqiiipped end manned for the kinds of studies required - past examples, 

 the Anton Bruun in the Indian Ocean and tlie i:]ltanin in the ilntarctic. In two 

 regions especially, the equatorial and central south Pacific, and the weatem 

 Arabian Sea, the IOC may vfish to encourage assignment of such ships to these 

 areas . 



27. Considering the type of ocean-wide coverage to be expected from the expanded 

 program, ships of opportunity, similar to those now used by meteorologists can 

 plan an increasingly important role for certain types of oceanographic 

 measurements. " 



oooOooo 

 -102- 



