47 



resources. These lands consist of a nine-acre parcel just north of the Honokohau 

 Harbor entrance containing archaeological features and anchialine ponds, and a 17- 

 acre parcel south of the harbor containing the Makazopio heiau, anchialine ponds, 

 and the fine sand beach at Alazula cove. Alternate lease language is under consider- 

 ation by State and National Park Service officials. 



To date, there has been no action on the National Park Service's request to the 

 State Department of Land and Natural Resources to designate the offshore waters 

 within Kaloko-Honokohau's boundaries as a Marine Fisheries Management Area or 

 Marine Life Conservation District. 



Future planning for the park because of its location next to an expanding urban- 

 ized area needs to be done in a regional context, taking into account what is hap- 

 pening on lands around the park. Over the past two decades, major changes in land 

 use have occurred in the vicinity of Kaloko-Honokohau. The coming decades promise 

 even greater change will take place on these adjacent lands. No longer will they be 

 in open space and unoccupied. Light industrial development has already occurred 

 on some of the mauka lands and there are plans for much more to the north and 

 south of the park resorts, residential housing, commercial and governmental cen- 

 ters, educational facilities — all part of the plan to make nearby Kailua town a major 

 future urban growth area for the island of Hawai'i. 



The study report, Spirit of Ka-loko Hono-ko-hau, calls for the use of the tradi- 

 tional Hawaiian ahupua'a concept of land use in securing offsite controls to ensure 

 that the integrity of Kaloko-Honokohau is maintained. The study report stated that 

 the State of Hawai'i should be prevailed upon to keep much of the area around the 

 then proposed park in the Conservation District classification. Unfortunately, in the 

 intervening years, the opposite has occurred and much of the land around Kaloko- 

 Honokohau has been reclassified from the Conservation to the Urban District to 

 pave the way for future development. Regarding adjacent land uses, the 1974 report 

 also those activities which are compatible with a national park. Similarly, the report 

 calls for Hawai'i County to zone adjacent lands to preserve the integrity of the park 

 and protect its water resources. 



Developing the needed coordination with Federal, State, and local agencies lead- 

 ing to the establishment of adequate controls on air and water quality and the sce- 

 nic and aesthetic values of the surrounding land will be very difficult in light of the 

 extent and nature of the existing zoning and developments new proposed on these 

 lands. 



At Kaloko-Honokohau the significance and density of Hawaiian archaeological 

 sites and features intermixed with important natural values such as endangered 

 water bird habitat and overlaid with an expanding demand for recreational use fore- 

 tell that resource management will be a complicated interplay of goals that may 

 sometimes conflict. Further complicating resource management in the park are the 

 rapid changes in land use now occurring on surrounding lands. These developments 

 on adjacent lands and the infrastructure required to support them have great poten- 

 tial to harm resources within the park. 



Although there are some gaps in needed baseline resource information, quite a lot 

 is known about the cultural and natural values at Kaloko-Honokohau. Resource 

 management is ongoing. The removal of alien red mangrove from Kaloko fishpond 

 has received high priority and is now completed. Some mangrove removal is also 

 taking place at Aimakapa fishpond, along with selective removal of kiawe, another 

 alien plant. Many mangrove seedlings still remain in the park and are constantly 

 sprouting. The effort to eradicate mangrove from he park is ongoing and will likely 

 continue over the next several years. Stabilization and restoration work on the his- 

 toric Mamalahoa Trail and other important cultural sites has also been carried out. 



A resource management plan (1991), the first, has been prepared for the park. 

 Specific cultural and natural resource management issues have been identified and 

 strategies developed for dealing with them. The cultural values connected with 

 Kaloko-Honokohau are of utmost importance not only because of the significance of 

 the resource found there — i.e., the physical sites and features themselves — but be- 

 cause of the deep emotional significance this particular place has for Hawaiians. 

 This significance is manifested in the spiritual sacredness of Hawaiian burial sites 

 scattered throughout the area and the guardian spirit said to be associated with 

 Kaloko fishpond^ and the belief that somewhere in the park the bones of Kameha- 

 meha the Great are interred. These intangibles make caring for the park's cultural 

 values and resources especially important. Implicit in this care will be maintaining 

 a special sensitivity to Hawaiian traditions ana religious beliefs. 



Visitors to Kaloko — Honokohau are certain to increase substantially in the future. 

 In 1988, the first year that visitation figures were kept, about 12,500 visit were re- 

 corded. In 1989, visitation to the park had risen to well over 17,000, by 1990 it was 

 23,600, and by 1991 it had doubled over the previous year to 46 790. During this 



