114 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMMITTEE ON OCEANOGRAPHY 



many forms of sea life, they will study the kinds and distribution of the 

 fish, with the aid of a $108,450 NSF grant. 



Studies of the plankton (miniscule marine life that serve as basic food 

 source for most other sea creatures) and nutritional factors of the southern 

 oceans will be undertaken by Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia 

 University with the aid of a $34,585 NSF grant. 



Gravity and magnetic studies will be made by the Polar Research Center 

 of the University of Wisconsin, to gain a better understanding of geophysical 

 characteristics of the Antarctic and its surrounding regions. A Foundation 

 grant of $23,032 supports this work. 



Studies of large-scale circulation of the atmosphere in the Southern Hemi- 

 sphere will be aided by U.S. Weather Bureau meteorology studies aboard 

 the Eltanin, to provide data in areas never before reported on systematically. 

 An NSF grant of $93,390 supports this phase of the Weather Bureau's 

 extensive antarctic research efforts. 



The area distribution of calcium carbonate saturation at various ocean 

 depths will be studied by the Texas A. & M. Research Foundation under an 

 NSF grant of $36,670. Purpose of these studies is to understand carbonate 

 sedimentation and the mechanism of equilibrium of carbon dioxide between 

 the air and the sea. 



Collection of airborne insects — part of a Pacific-wide study that has been 

 carried on for several years — will be undertaken by the Bernice P. Bishop 

 Museum of Honolulu with the aid of a $9,180 grant from the Foundation. 

 Low-frequency radio noise signals will be studied by Stanford University 

 scientists. These "whistlers" are known to bounce from points near the 

 earth's surface out into space, then back again, following the earth's magnetic 

 lines of force. Eltanin's track will lie along these magnetic force lines. 

 Stanford's work is assisted by a $186,010 NSF grant. 



Geology of the Antarctic Continent and the southern parts of South 

 America, to find out about structural connections between the two, will be 

 studied by Florida State University workers under a $33,420 grant from the 

 Foundation. 



Bartol Research Foundation, Swarthmore, Pa., will continue its cosmic 

 ray meson studies aboard the Eltanin. Bartol has participated in such 

 studies on the Antarctic Continent for several years and will be supported 

 in this phase of the work by an NSF grant of $37,950. 



The Boulder Laboratories of the National Bureau of Standards will carry 

 out a program to determine the range and variability of radio noise of the 

 ocean areas in high southern latitudes, under an NSF grant of $71,850. 



The University of Alaska, which has vast experience in the study of 

 northern aurora, will have a special photometer aboard the Eltanin to ob- 

 serve the southern aurora. The photometer will continuously record specific 

 wave lengths of the auroral light, including atomic oxygen radiation, nitrogen 

 groups, and high latitude sodium twilight. This work is supported by a 

 $38,612 NSF grant. 



The Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia will conduct ocean 

 current studies with special current meters attached to anchored buoys, 

 so that over a period of several days or weeks, absolute current values will 

 be obtained at intervals from the surface to the bottom of the oceans. An 

 NSF grant of $104,061 supports this project. 



Texas Instruments, Inc., of Dallas, has contracted with the foundation 

 to provide a team of six men to operate the deep-sea winch, run the elec- 

 tronics and machine ships, and do routine collecting for the oceanographic 

 scientists aboard. The contract amount is $139,775. 

 Dr. A. P. Crary, chief scientist for NSF on Eltanin's first cruise, is a veteran 

 of several years research in both the Arctic and Antarctic. About 1 year ago, 

 February 12, 1961, he became probably the first man ever to have set foot on 

 both the North and South Poles when he arrived at the South Pole with an 

 eight-man scientific party he had led overland 1,200 miles from McMurdo 

 Sound. He had been at the North Pole in 1952 doing scientific work on ice 

 island T-l. During the International Geophysical Year he was deputy chief 

 scientist of the Antarctic program of the U.S. National Committee for the IGY, 

 station scientific leader of the Little America Station, and leader of two major 

 traverses from that station. He now resides in Washington, D.C. 



Capt. Sven Rydberg, master of the Eltanin, has had 27 years' sea service. 

 He is an MSTS veteran and has served as first officer on many ships. His last 

 assignment before coming to the Eltanin was as master of the USNS AKL-17, 



