2 ADVANCEMENT OF MARINE SCIENCES: \K.'.Ci.'' 



3. Construction of ships and shore facihties required for bio- 

 logical, physical, chemical, geological and related research in the 

 oceans and Great Lakes; 



4. Development and acquisition of new and improved scien- 

 tific devices, instruments, and tools for marine exploration and 

 research; 



5. Education and training of marine scientists, among them 

 biologists, geophysicists, chemists, geologists, meteorologists, bac- 

 teriologists, pharmacologists and taxonomists, required to achieve 

 the objectives of, and the anticipated benefits from, the 10- 

 year national oceanographic program ; 



6. Formal and reciprocal cooperation with other nations in 

 marine research and oceanographic surveys of national or inter- 

 national significance. 



Enactment of S. 901 is recommended by your conmiittee in the con- 

 viction that national, state, mstitutional, individual, and international 

 benefits would accrue from the oceanographic and Great Lakes re- 

 search and surveys which the bill would authorize. 



Similar belief was expressed bv witnesses who testified at hearings 

 on the bill held March 15, 16, 17, and May 2, 1961 ; of scientists from 

 every section of the Nation who have written to the committee 

 about the bill, and of State officials, university presidents, and 

 spokesmen for associations, organizations, and industries who have 

 communicated with the committee in advocacy of the program 

 authorized in this proposed legislation. 



Evidence and expressions were offered that the proposed coordi- 

 nated program of expanded marine research and surveys would 

 produce, among others, the following benefits: 



1. Increase our security from enemy sea or undersea attack. 



2. Augment the efficiency of our own undersea forces. 



3. Advance underwater acoustics and communications. 



4. Improve commerce and navigation and safeguard it against 

 disruption in the event of a national emergency. 



5. Increase the accuracy of long-range weather forecasts. 



6. Ultimately enable mankind to foi'see climatological changes of 

 world signficance. 



7. Afford greater protection to lives and property from ocean-bred 

 hurricanes and other violent storms. 



8. Restore and expand our fisheries and reduce costs to both 

 fishermen and consumers. 



9. Alleviate the proteui deficiency in the diets of millions of under- 

 nourished children and mothers in the underdeveloped nations of the 

 world. 



10. Reveal ocean deposits of scarce and strategic mmerals and 

 develop methods of recovering and processing them. 



11. Expand our knowledge of the fossil fuels that lie beneath the 

 oceans. 



12. Diminisli pollution dangers from atomic and other wastes. 



13. Facilitate discovery of many new medical and pharmacological 

 weapons in the eternal war against disease. 



14. Safeguard waterfront pi-oi)orty from beach erosion. 



15. Diminish damage to docks, piers and vessels from marine 

 boring and fouling organisms. 



