72 ADVANCEMENT OF MARINE SCIENCES 



wastes to the sea, but rather how much can be safel,y released 

 to the sea without jeopardizing our present and planned uses 

 of the marine resources. 



At hearings this year on S. 901, Dr. Lauren R. Donaldson, director 

 of the lAaboratory on Radiation Biology, University of Washington, 

 added further evidence on the needs for thorough study of the effects 

 of marine contamination by radioactive materials. 



Dr. Donaldson and his laboratory staff have conducted investi- 

 gations for the Atomic Energy Commission at many of the atolls in 

 the South Pacific including Eniwetok, Bikini, and Kwajalein; in 

 Marshall and Mariana islands areas, in equatorial waters, off the 

 west coast of the United States and in tlio Chukchi Sea nortli of 

 Alaska. He said: 



The advance of nuclear technology will produce quantities 

 of various kinds of atomic wastes under a wide diversity of 

 conditions. The techniques of biological evaluation must 

 not merely keep pace with these developments but must 

 anticipate them, proceeding so rapidly that the evaluations 

 may be elements of proper planning rather than programs 

 born "too little and too late." 



Committee amendment to section 11 



Page 32, Une -, strike the word "or" after "institutions" and 

 insert a comma, and after the word "laboratories," insert the words 

 "or public or private organizations". The purpose of this amendment 

 is to broaden the area in which the Atomic Energ}^ Commission may 

 make grant or enter into contracts for carrying out studies authorized 

 in this section. 



SECTION 12 



Section 12 would authorize appropriations to carry out the 10-year 

 program of research, studies, monitoring, and control authorized in 

 section 11. 



Such sums as are necessary would be authorized for — 



1. Engineering studies in connection with control and monitoring 

 of disposal of radioactive wastes in the ocean, estuaries, inshore 

 waters, and the Great Lakes, subject to a proviso that expenditures 

 for this purpose not exceed $37,000 in any one year of the 10-year 

 program. 



2. Control and monitormg operations as authorized in section 11, 

 provided that expenditures for this purpose not exceed $2,800,000 in 

 any one year of the 10-year program. 



3. Participation in international meetings of scientists and tech- 

 nical experts relating to international control and monitoring of 

 radioactive waste disposals in the marine environment. Expendi- 

 tures for this purpose are limited to $30,000 in any one year of the 

 program. 



4. Research to determine circulation and mixing processes control- 

 ling dispersion of radioactive wastes introduced in deep waters of the 

 open ocean. The limitation on expenditiu'es for this purpose was 

 placed at $1,400,000 per annum in the origiiuil bill and has been 

 amended by the committee. 



5. Studies of the inorganic transfer of radioactive elements from 

 sea water to the sediments. 



