ADVANCEMENT OF MARINE SCIENCES 77 



and other chemical or elemental components of the oceans, ana for 

 recording and communication of oceanographic data of scient.'fic 

 value. 



8. Time series observations and research conducted from radar 

 picket ships or other suitable vessels operated by the Navy. A pro- 

 viso to this authorization, however, limits the expenditure for this 

 purpose on such station vessels to not more than $82,500 for each 

 ship during the 10-year program authorized for this pm'pose under 

 the previous section of S. 901, and that operation costs under this 

 program not exceed $58,000 per annum per ship. 



9. Establishment of a program of scholarships and post-doctoral 

 fellowships as authorized in the previous section with a proviso that 

 costs to the Department of the Navy for this pm'pose not exceed 

 $300,000 per je&r. 



Such a program, this committee believes, if faithfully carried out, 

 will give the U.S. Navy and the Nation unchallenged leadership in 

 basic scientific knowledge of the oceans and the Great Lakes, and in 

 hydrographic knowledge of these waters and the earth beneath them 

 as such knowledge relates to the defense of this Nation and operation 

 of its subsurface craft. 



"There never has been a time in om* history when this particular 

 field has been more vital to us," Secretary of the Navy John B. 

 Connallv asserted in his appearance before the committee at hearings 

 on S. 901. 



"History clearly shows that the nations which make maximum use 

 of the oceans derive unequaled militar}^ and economic advantages," 

 states the Navy's revised TENOC report in its opening paragraph. 



Emphasis has been placed in S. 901 on new instruments and devices 

 for marine research and communications. The new TENOC report 

 states : 



In order to fully and effectively utilize the oceanographic 

 ships presently in operation and those planned for the future, 

 a drastic improvement in oceanographic instrumentation, 

 both in reliability and availability is requhed. * * * The 

 need for applied engmeering, including research, develop- 

 ment, test and evaluation, to convert experimental instru- 

 ments into reliable well-tested prototypes cannot be 

 overemphasized. 



The TENOC report also stressed the need for increased data on 

 marine acoustics, stating that survey type data on sound propagation 

 and ambient noise in frequency range from 5 cycles to 1 megac3^cle 

 is deshed. 



"Information is needed now on waters to 200 fathoms in depth," 

 the report states, "by 1970 to 3,000 fathoms v.^ith major emphasis on 

 strategic harbors and approaches and on polar regions." 



For the future interest in this field should center on the Greenland- 

 Iceland-United Kingdom area, Norwegian Sea, Bering Sea, North 

 Sea, Sea of Japan and Greenland vSea, the report added, commenting 

 that detailed research data is required in some area; sea.sonal and long 

 term data from the others. Key problem as given as that of under- 

 standing bottom effects on propagation. 



