?8 ADVANCEMENT OF MARINE SCIENCES 



Biological research also is given a prominent role in the long-range 

 program advocated in the TENOC report. Research should be con- 

 ducted, it states, on: 



1. Biological interference with underwater acoustic systems. 



2. Biological influences upon mine and mine counterineasure 

 actions. 



3. Biological deterioration of marine structures and equipment. 



4. Bioluminescence. 



5. Poisonous, venomous, and noxious marine organisms. 



6. Biological orientation, detection, and target evaluation 

 phenomena. 



Extensive testimony on the importance of biological knowledge 

 in connection with miiie warfare was given at the hearings on S. 901 

 by Dr. C. J. Fish, director of the Narragansett Marine Laboratory of 

 the University of Rhode Island, who made important contributions 

 in this field during World War II. 



Equally significant testimony was given by Dr. Joseph E. Hender- 

 son, director of the Applied Physics Laboratory of the University of 

 Washmgton, on the importance of increased middepth acoustics 

 research. He stated: 



It is interesting to note that our present knowledge of the 

 oceans is coiifined pretty much to the surface layers and, to 

 some extent, the bottom area; the great midocean depths are 

 the great unknown; yet here is where our unportant sonar 

 beams travel. 



Later m his testimony Dr. Henderson said: 



We at APL are now doing work which will shortly require 

 a seagoing vessel for about one-half its time. We have been 

 making do with a vessel borrowed occasionally for a few days 

 time from the 13th Naval District, and have also gone 

 piggyback on the university's oceanographic ship, the 

 Brown Bear. We will need much firmer arrangements if we 

 are to leave Puget Sound for any timely, meaningful deep- 

 sea work. This also implies the need for added shore 

 facilities, including piers, staging areas, warehouses, labora- 

 tory space, et cetera, all of which will be a part of the general 

 oceanographic effort at the University of Washington. 



Something is needed to stimulate support of research in 

 oceanography, to provide the basic knowledge on which the 

 Navy's future effectiveness depends. We believe our own 

 work to be especially exemplary of this fact. I urge that 

 the appropriate legislation be speedily enacted. 



Committee amendments to section 14- 



Page 40, line 11, strike the word "nine" and insert in lieu thereof the 

 words 'Hen ships for basic research". This amendment increases by 

 one the number of research ships of 1,200-1,500 tons displacement for 

 institutional use for basic research. This increase is in line with recom- 

 mendations in the revised TENOC report whicli proposes over a 

 10-year period, construction of two ships each of the above displace- 

 ment for Lamont Geological Observatory, Woods Hole Oceanographic 

 Institution, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and one ship each 

 of such displacement for Texas Agricultural & Mechanical College, the 



