32 



/ l//'A'Ol / A f. Tin: . \LI.()< . I Tl()\ PROCESS / ' 



TABLE 1. 1 Continued 



(IhanictfriMio 



Examples (Fundinj; Agencies) 



Applied Research (continued) 



Fundamental TechnolojjN- Development 



Discovering diagnostics and vaccines to 

 combat emerging infections — at 

 uni\ersities. foreign research centers, and 

 CDC. NIH. and DOD laboratories (DOD. 

 CDC. NIH. I'SAID) 



Designing a new programming language — 

 at universities and software companies 

 (DOD. NSF) 



l)e\ei()ps prototypes: uses research 

 findings lo de\elop practical 

 applications; is of general interest 

 to a seclor or sectors, but full 

 returns cannot be captured by any 

 one company: is usualh short-term, 

 but can be long-term: is not 

 dcNcloped for one iikiititiable 

 commercial or mllilar\ product: 

 olten makes use ol ne\s knowledge 

 from basic or applietl research 



Kuilding an optical computer — at iini- 

 \ersities and computer firms (NSF. DOD) 



Developing new approaches to parallel 

 processing, software, and hardware — at 

 FFRDCs. iini\ersities. and private firms 

 (DOD. N.SF) 



Huilding a prototy pe DNA sequencing 

 machine— at Caltech (NSF) 



(Conducting clinical trials of a drug to treat 

 heroin addiction — at VA hospitals. NIH. 

 and academic health centers (D\,\. NIH) 



Developing high-temperature ceramics for 

 internal combustion engines — at 

 universities and FFRDCs (NI.ST. DOD) 



Studying \ itrification for storage of nuclear 

 and hazardous wa.ste — at national 

 laboratories and some university 

 engineering departments (DOE. ER\) 



Identif\ ing a specific laser for use in guiiled 

 missiles (before u.se in an\ one missile) — 

 at DOD and university laboratories (DOD) 



Adapting cognitive science of language 

 recognition for development ot natural- 

 language software — at universities 

 and national laboratories (NSF NIH. DOD) 



Developing strong, high-temperature alloys 

 for engines, but not for a jet engine for a 

 particular aircraft — at universities. NAS.\ 

 centers. DOD laboratories, and private 

 firms (N.\SA. DOD) 



Breeding drought-resistant or saline-tolerant 

 crop plants — at USDA centers and 

 universities (L'SDA. USAID) 



Adapting fiber-optic la.ser surgery for 

 prostate cancer — at universities and 

 national laboratories (DOE, DOD. NIH) 



Developing a prototype for a walking robot 

 — at FFRD(!s. universities, and national 

 laboratories (NASA. DOD. NSF DOE) 



