60 



/ i//'A'oi / \ r , JUL MUX A H()\ process / 35 



mncs. Piscata\v;i\. \ |.: (enter tor I rban P()lic\ Research. 199t) Both tlic Bozeman/Crow and 

 Marku.scii ct al. a•|■)ort^ arc more open to consideration of new mi^^>ion areas than is the (iaivin 

 Report. althoiiKli Markusen et al. specificallv note that the two DOE laboratories in New Mexico 

 should he reduced m si/.e. .Markusen is quite critical ot the Cialvin task force recommendation that 

 laboratories enj'aneil in weapons design and nuclear cleanup activities be delegated to autonomous 

 corporatized units. H(me\er. the BozemanA tow and Markusen reports both support the main 

 thrust of the (.al\ in task force — that current methods of technology transfer are poorh understood 

 and probabh inefficient— and concur with the notion that national laboratories should compete with 

 universiiies and pri\ate performers, rather than have unique access to fimds. and should strengthen 

 iheir lies to one another, to academia.and to industr\. 



1\ (.al\in Uepori. I WS. pp H-lt), St. 



11 ledcralh lundeil research and dexelopment centers have a long-term contractual relation- 

 ship Willi the government and are operated by contractors — see Boxes II. S and 11.6. Supplement 1. 

 See also I .S. Congress. Otfice of Technologx Assessment..* History of the De/Hirtniciil nf Defense 

 letlenil/y I'liiuletl k'eseiiirl.) tiiid Deielnpiiieiit Centers (Washington. D.C: (iovcrnment Printing 

 Oiricc.Iuh IWS |(;iH) Stock No. ()S2-()().^-()U2()-.i|). 1 



J-i National Science aiul lechnologx Council. Interagency I'ecleral Laboratory Kerieir. Final 

 k'e/xirl (Nsrc Keporo. IWS See especialh pp 9-19 and 21-22. 



2 I NSK Report. 199S. 



2S Dorm. Ill Rciiori. 199S 



2(v 1 osier Report I99S: (,.il\in Report. I99S .\lso. N.STC Keport. I99S 



2" Bisli()p/( .ilahresi Report. I99S. 



2S In I ')9I). Congress passed and the President signed the Defense Base Closure and Realign- 

 iiKiu Acl which was iiiieiiiled to protect the base-closing process from electoral politics and to 

 insul.iii. IJK I'resiileiii and members of Congress from difficult decisions that affect important 

 polilical coiistiUKiKies. particiilarh local groups ad\ersel\ affected by closures and shrinkage The 

 act established an iiulependent commission to hold public hearings, take recommendations from the 

 secreiar\ of Defense, aiul make a list of recommeiuled closures and reconfigurations. I inder terms of 

 ilu .Kl tile I'resjiieni then ma\ accept or reject the entire list but cannot add or delete specific items 

 on iiaiul ( ongress has iS da\s to \eto his action. In the absence of action by the President or 

 ( ongress. the commission s list becomes the basis for closures and realignments by the Department 

 ol Detense. .\ total of 2Sl) installations were closed or reduced through three rounds of closings — in 

 1991 and 199^. plus another round conducted in 19KH under a previous law The final round, which 

 included some laboratory facilities, was completed in 199S 



The currenth established BRAC process is conducted by a single cabinet-level department, and 

 llie commission s sole responsibilit\ is to make recommendations about closing and shrinking 

 laiilities. not about reallocation across departments. Depending on its purpose and scope. howe\er 

 .1 lahorator\ closing commission might cut across tlepartments and independent agencies, and might 

 lie .iskeil to reallocate as well as close or reduce facilities. complicating its task and opening the 

 i|iiestion ot the proper \eiuie tor organizing such actions. 



29 Pursuant to the Ba\ h-Dole .\ct of 1980 and subsequent amendments and executive orders, 

 ac ademic centers retain patent rights and cop\ rights that result from federal funding, with certain 

 restrictions. Those rights can be licensed to one or more firms, depending on the nature of the 

 iinentions or other results. .Moreoxer because lhe\- are held by uni\ersities. the licen.sing arrange- 



