83 



SVPPLEMEST J / 59 



HGURE n.4 Distribution of R&D funds 

 among the agencies. 



SOURCE: Data are from the American Associa- 

 tion for the Advancement of Science, unpub- 

 lished tables of federal R&D funding by 

 budget function and agenc\-. Fiscal Years 1994 

 through 1996, provided by Kei Koizumi, 

 Directorate for Science and Policy Programs, 

 AAAS, September 26. 1995. 



FIGURE U.5 Distribution of FS&T funds 

 among the agencies. 



SOURCE: Data as for Figure 11.4. modified as 

 noted in Figure II. 1 . 



The tedcrai government supports R&D in the pursuit of diverse national goals 

 and objectives. Federal spending for R&D is heavily focused on defense, health, 

 space, and encrg). as indicated in Figure 11.3. FS&T funding is less heavily focused 

 on defense, and a greater portion is devoted to health and other topics. Reflecting 

 the diverse goals of federal R&D spending, most federal departments and agencies 

 support at least some R&D, as illustrated in Figure 11.4. Figure 11.5 shows FS&T 

 funding a.s allocated among the agencies. 



Federally supported R&D is performed in diverse institutions, including gov- 

 ernment laboratories, industry, academic institutions, and independent R&D organi- 

 zations (see Boxes 11.5 and 11.6). Figure 11.6 shows the breakdown of federal R&D 

 spending among the different categories of performing institutions for Fiscal Year 

 19*^)4. Note that industry- is by far the largest performer of federally funded R&D, 

 followed by government laboratories and then academia, with other nonprofit 

 institutions playing the smallest role. As Figure 11.7 indicates, the largest proportion 

 of FS&T is performed by government-owned, government-operated laboratories; 

 academic institutions are the second largest performers; and industry is in third place. 



