106 



Endnotes 



Supplement 1 



1. National Science BoMd,Science and Engineering Indicators, 1993, NSB 93-1 (Washington, 

 D.C.: National Science Foundation, 1993), pp. 328, 337. 



2. Vannevar Bush, Science— The Endless Frontier, Appendix 3, "Report of the Committee on 

 Science and the Public Welfare" (Washington, D.C.; U.S. Government Printing Office, 1945). 



3. Bush, Science— The Endless Frontier, 1945. 



4. See, for example, Bruce L.R. Smith, American Science Policy Since World War II (Washing- 

 ton, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1990); Jeffrey K. Stine,/1 History of Science Policy in the 

 United States, 1940-1985, Science Policy Background Report No. 1 prepared for the Task Force on 

 Science Policy, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives (Washington, 

 DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1986). 



5 . Bush, Science— The Endless Frontier, 1 94 5 . 



6. The Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives, Delivering Results: A Progress Report on Brain 

 Research (New York: The Charles A. Dana Foundation, 1995); Sandra Ackerman for the Institute of 

 Medicine, Discovering the Brain (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1992); Office of 

 Science and Technology Vo\iCY, Maximizing Human Potential: Decade of the Brain 1990-2000 

 (Washington, D.C.: Federal Coordinating Coimcil for Science, Engineering, and Technolog)', Execu- 

 tive Office of the President, 1991); Constance Pechura and Joseph B. Martin, cds.. Mapping the 

 Brain and Its Functions (W^hington, DC National Academy Press, 1991). - - 



Supplement 2 



1 . Calculated from Table C-8 in National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and 

 Development: Fiscal Years 1993. 1994, and 1995. NSF 95-334 (Arlington, Va.: NSF/Division of 

 Science Resources Studies, forthcoming). 



2. National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Studies, "Data Brief U.S. R&D 

 Funding Will Not Pick Up in '95," No. 13 (October 18, 1995), Appendix Table B-3 The sample design 

 for estimating industry expenditures was revised for 1991 and later years. The effect of the changes 

 in sample design was to increase the estimate of industry R&D and thus reduce the federal share of 

 the national R&D total by several percentage points compared with earlier surveys. Industry has 

 contributed about 59 percent of national R&D investment in recent years. Moreover, industrial 

 support for R&D has increased over the past 2 decades, in most years more rapidly than federal 

 funding. 



A recent Battelle Memorial Institute survey also estimated that the federal goverrunent is 

 funding 36 percent of the national investment in research and development in 1995. See''Fimding 

 Forecast," R&D Magazine, jznxizrf 1995, pp 4LS-7LS. 



3. National Science Foundation, "Data Brief: U.S. R&D Funding Will Not Pick Up in '95," 1995, 

 Appendix Table B-2. The changes in sample design in the survey of R&D expenditures by industry 

 for 1991 and after have the effect of reducing the federal share of R&D funding of industry R&D 

 compared with earlier surveys by NSF 



4. All constant-dollar R&D and FS&T data are in Fiscal Year 1987 dollars, calculated from 

 current-dollar data using the GDP deflators following standard NSF and OMB practice. Fiscal Year 

 1995 estimates have not been adjusted to account for recisions totaling nearly $2 billion in R&D 

 budget authority enacted by Public Laws 104-6 (April 1995) and 104-19 Q\A\ 1995) (see American « 

 Association for the Advancement of Science, /n/enw Report on Congressional Appropriations for 

 R&D in FY 1996 ( Washington, DC: AAAS, 1995),Table A, for more details on recisions by agency 

 and program). 



5. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Research and Development FY 

 1996, AAAS Report (Washington, DC: AAAS, 1995), p. 3; Interim Report on Congressional Appro- 

 priations for R&D in FY 1996, 1995, p. 6. 



82 



