411] COLORS OF TIGER BEETLES—SHELFORD 17 



Eimer, et al. In the Lepidoptera (Mayer), however, the line of the 

 veins is the one in which pigment is longest absent, but in the Diptera 

 both living and fossil there is a uniformly denser pigmentation of the 

 veins. Doctor Williston teUs me that it is true of the fossil forms, and 

 Doctor C. F. Adams found in the development of the color pattern of 

 some common ilies that pigment first appeared along the cross veins 

 and spread from these. In the Hymenoptera the veins are often 

 pigmented and the same is true of, the Mecoptera, Plecoptera, some 

 Ilomoptera, etc. Pigment is usually found in muscle attachments and 

 wherever rigidity is necessary; this has been reported by Tower (1906) 

 in Coleoptera, and in Polistes by Entemau (1905). Since the veins 

 are supporting structures, one Moidd expect that they would usually be 

 pigmented. The great development of the secondary cuticula in the 

 Coleoptera might since the el.ytra are no longer used as wings, .show 

 modification characterized by the loss of this character in some eases. I 

 find no observations on the secondary cuticula of the wings of Lepi- 

 doptera. 



In the Ctenostomidae are found bands in some of all of these 

 positions noted in Cicindela (Figs. 26 and 27, PL III, also 376, PL 

 XYI.) 



In the Collyridae it appears that the band at the base of the elytron 

 {!), one in the middle (4), and the one at the tip (7), are quite common 

 and well developed (one or all). Collyris celebensis Chd. (Fig. 28) 

 and arnoldi McL., horsfieldi McL., fasciata Chd. et al. have such bands. 

 In Theratidae are found markings which conform to the cross bands of 

 Cicindela, (Figs. 332 to 337, PL XVI), but the areas represented in 

 the two ends of the elvtron niav be much extended (Figs. 236 and 237, 

 PI. XIII). 



Turning to the other form of the Cicindelidae proper, one finds 

 that in the Euryodini and the Odontochilini markings occur in the same 

 relations to structures as those already described. Among the Euryodini, 

 in Caledonica occur some of these cross bands indicated, and in addition 

 a very interesting thickening of the elytron in the lines of tlie tracheae 

 (Shelford 1915: Fig. 25). These may or may not correspond to the 

 thickenings that are associated with the veins of other insects, for iu 

 the Dromicini. (Cicindelidae proper) we find thickenings that lie be- 

 tween the veins and may be regularly arranged (1. c. Figs. 35 

 and 36). It will be noted that there are spots in places corresponding 

 to those already mentioned. for example, crossbands in figure 29 repre- 

 senting the Odontochilini, and longitudinal stripes in figure 30 repre- 

 senting the Dromicini. 



In the Megacephalidae the color patterns are in some cases like that 



