32 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [426 



simple band, 1 with a complete, 4 etc.; 185 shows a wide cross band 

 representing 3 and 4. Figures 149&, 149a and 156 represent the patterns 

 of an African species showing tliat variations are in the direction 

 of greater obliquity of the cross mai'kings, 149 approaching very closely 

 to 148, wliich is a different species and usually oblique. A third species 

 is sti'ikingly oblique but still possessing the usual cross bars of the group 

 of species. Thus in this small group the usual typical pattern as shown 

 by the general observations preceding is decidedly distorted by in a defin- 

 ite dii'ectiou. 



In figure 165 is shown a type of pattern in which the cross bands 

 are nearly vertical to the inner line of the elytron ; all the spots present 

 fall in to such bands as they do in the ontogeny series (Figs. 112, 113, 

 116 and 117, PI. IX; 128 and 133, PI. X; 143 to 146, PI. XI). In all 

 the other figures on the upper half of the page the two spots 

 near the elytral suture are not in line with the cross bands. Evidence of 

 this will also be found in the ontogeny series but is less marked than 

 the tendency toward transverse bands. In 165 and 165a and in 156 and 

 156a, plate XII, the components of crooked niiddle' band are clearly 

 brought out in course of variations in which two bands may or may not 

 be joined in the stripe between the media and radius. This tendency 

 should be noted as the most characteristic of the genus Cicindela, as there 

 is scarcely a group of species as arranged on the basis of pilosity by 

 W. Horn in which some one does not show this type of joining. The 

 breaking of the cross bands by pigment in the line of the media is also 

 very characteristic, but the tendency for the spots to lie out of the 

 lines with the cross bands as interpreted, is taken as evidence of one 

 of the general tendencies to be discussed later. The relations of the 

 characteristic patterns to the general plan is .thus made evident. An- 

 other general tendency also manifested is the tendency for the spots 

 shovm in figure 156a to spread and join, not in any direction but in 

 definite lines. The figures to the right and above figure 165 illustrate 

 the tendency for the markings to join in the line between the pigmented 

 areas of the media and cubitus and for the individual markings to still 

 retain their characteristic form. On this basis the unusual and aberrant 

 patterns such as 150, 151, 152 and 160, 161, 167, plate XII, are easily 

 explained. In spite of the extreme extension they are like 157. 



Figures 170 to 187, plate XII, show the patterns of species in 

 which the longitudinal striping lias been developed chiefly- in conjunct- 

 ion with some cross bands, but in which there is no suggestion of the 

 characteristic middle band. Figure 169a .shows the pattern of an Aus- 

 tralian species in which all the dark and light longitudinal stripes 

 are represented. The dark area over the subcosta is clearly distinguish- 

 able. In 169a this subcostal dark stripe is reduced but still present. 



