CONTENTS 



THE COMPOSITION OF SEA-WATER 



Section I. Chemistry ........... 3 



ch. 1. The Oceans as a Chemical System by E. D. Goldberg . . 3 



1. The composition of sea-water ...... 3 



2. Reactivities of the elements ...... 9 



3. Chemical reaction in the oceans and the compositions of the 

 end-products ......... 14 



4. Space and time distributions of the elements . . . .20 



ch. 2. The Influence of Organisms on the Composition of Sea- 

 Water by A. C. Redfield, B. H. Ketchum and F. A. Richards 



1. Introduction ....... 



2. The biochemical cycle . . . . . 



3. The biochemical circulation .... 



ch. 3. Artificial Radioactivity in the Sea by Y. Miyalce 



1 . Artificial radioactivit}' in oceanic waters 



2. Enrichment of radioactive substances in marine product; 



3. Artificial radioactivity as a tracer of water movements in the 

 ocean ........ 



4. Disposal of radioactive waste in the ocean 



26 

 26 

 27 

 49 



78 

 78 

 81 



83 



85 



ch. 4. Radioisotopes and Large-Scale Oceanic Mixing by 

 W . Broecker .... 



1. Introduction 



2. Useful isotopes . 



3. Steady-state distribution of 14 C 



4. Ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange rates 



5. Oceanic mixing models 



6. Industrial CO2 effect . 



7. 226 Ra distribution 



8. 90 Sr distribution 



9. Non-steady-state conditions 

 10. Conclusion 



ch. 5. Chemical Instrumentation by D. E. Carritt 



1. Introduction ...... 



2. Chlorinity, salinit}% density and related properties 



3. Water tagging and tracer techniques 



4. Measurement of dissolved gases . 



90 

 95 

 96 

 102 

 102 

 104 

 105 

 107 



109 

 109 

 110 

 118 

 119 



