270 



WOOSTER AND REID 



[CHAP. 11 



Table II 

 Annual Range of Surface Temperature ( C). 

 Observed Inshore and Offshore Range Compared with Predicted Inshore 



Range 



evident that the difference between inshore and mid-ocean ranges is in qualita- 

 tive agreement with the principles stated above, indicating that the general 

 picture of seasonal and geographical variation of upwelling suggested by the 

 index is correct. 



c. Reported variations of upwelling 



Descriptions of variations in upwelling in various regions of eastern boundary 

 currents can be compared with the behavior of the index. 



(i ) California Current 



Equatorward winds, more or less parallel to the coast, are strongest off Baja 

 California and southern California in the spring and off northern California in 

 the summer, and the location of most intense upwelling changes accordingly 

 (Reid, Roden and Wyllie, 1958). In the fall and winter a coastal counter- 

 current, the antithesis of upwelling, is present at the surface (see page 273). 

 The distribution of oceanographic properties (see their fig. 4) is consistent with 

 this picture of seasonal change. Non-seasonal variations in the strength of 

 upwelling also appear to be related to changes in the wind (Reid, 1960). 



(ii ) Peru Current 



Although systematic oceanographic observations in the Peru Current are 

 not yet available, a study of the average surface temperature in one-degree 



