EXPLORATIONS, WESTERN ATLANTIC, STEAMER BACHE, 1914. 17 



temperature rose from about 18° to 20°, and the peculiar S-shaped 

 curve for 20° suggests an active mixing of cool and warm surface 

 water. In the deeps, below 700 meters, the curves reveal a pro- 

 nounced upwelling of cold abyssal water at station 10181, and the 

 sahnity profile (fig. 14) along this line shows much the same thing, 

 the surface layers down growing Salter, from north to south, while in 

 the deeper layers salinity, like temperature, curves rise at station 

 lOlSl. 



The temperature profile from Florida to a point 200 miles southwest 

 of Bermuda (fig. 15) shows that water warmer than 20° was thickest 

 near the Bahama Bank (about 200 meters). East of this the curve 

 of 20° rises to 50 meters at station 10191, then dips, as a tongue, to 



Stations 



Fig. 11. 



-Temperature profile of the upper 1,800 meters from Chesapeake Bay to station 10161; and from : 

 point 130 miles south of the latter to Bermuda. 



150 meters at station 10189, where the surface was 19.6°. But 20° 

 water is again seen at the eastern end of the profile. The curves for 

 15°, 10°, and 5° are roughly parallel with each other, showing a suc- 

 cession of cold and warm undulations, but, as a whole, dipping from 

 west to east, the former from about 500 to about 700 meters, the 

 latter from about 1,100 to about 1,600 meters. The most striking 

 of these undulations is a well-developed cold band some 300 miles 

 southwest of Bermuda (station 10185), and this is evidenced by an 

 upswing of the curves down to 1,800 meters, as well as by lowered 

 surface temperature. Immediately east of it, however, the water, as 

 a whole, is warmer than anywhere else along the profile. The tem- 

 perature then faUs toward the west from station 101 87 to station 10212; 

 but there is a weU-marked warm band over the 1,800-meter contour on 

 63271°— 17 2 



