both ocean law curriculums and research programs. Coastal zone manage- 

 ment problems are emphasized in the Sea Grant-sponsored ocean law pro- 

 grams at the University of Miami, University of Oregon, University of North 

 Carolina, Louisiana State University, and others. Studies at the University 

 of Miami include legal regulations of shoreline development, coastal regional 

 law for Florida, Florida's role in controlling the pollution of the sea by 

 oil from ships, development of casebooks on ocean and coastal legal problems 

 (including marine pollution), and a study of the development of a national 

 posture with respect to the deep seabeds. The University of Maine's School 

 of Law has described and analyzed in a four-volume report the laws and regu- 

 lations affecting the utilization of Maine's marine resources. 



Increasing interest in the development and use of coastal resources and 

 environment has resulted in a series of studies to provide objective informa- 

 tion on the economic implications of various activities there and to define 

 their social implications. University researchers in Sea Grant programs are 

 now heavily engaged in this field. For example, as part of an interdisciplinary 

 study of the nianagement of Puget Soimd, the University of Washington 

 completed a study of how the Sound's land and water uses are determined, 

 with an eye to improving their administration. 



Studies at the University of Wisconsin examined the impact of the St. 

 Lawrence Seaway on the economy of the Great Lakes Region and the eco- 

 nomic effects of extending the shipping season on the Seaway. Other studies 

 at Wisconsin considered the relations of water quality to outdoor recreation 

 and the socioeconomic significance of recreation activities in the marine 

 environment. The University of Miami is identifying and determining the 

 economic and environmental roles of human activity on the Miami River and 

 around Biscayne Bay. 



It has been recognized for some time that we will not take full advantage 

 of our human resources to solve these problems until we bring about the 

 direct and continuing interaction of natural and social scientists. Several 

 new programs are accomplishing this now, including the Ocean Studies 

 Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in 

 Washington, D.C., the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's program 

 in Marine Policy and Ocean Management, and the Scripps Institution of 

 Oceanography's Center for Marine Affairs. Specialized Sea Grant curric- 

 ulums such as the University of Rhode Island's Master of Marine Affairs 

 Program, the University of Miami's Ocean Law Program, and the Univer- 

 sity of Washington's Marine Technology Affairs Program are producing 

 graduates with training in both marine sciences and legal and social sci- 

 ences. This interdisciplinary background will enable these graduates to 

 function much more capably in ocean management positions than those 

 with conventional, single-discipline training. 



The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is reorienting and expanding the 

 scope of its urban area studies to assist State and local agencies in relating 

 water problems in flood control, water supply, and waste water manage- 

 ment to such problems as neighborhood renewal and transportation. Feasi- 

 bility studies of waste water management have been completed for Chicago, 

 Cleveland, Detroit, San Francisco, and the Merrimack Basin. Follow-on 



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