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IV. MONITORING, PREDICTING, AND MAPPING THE OCEANS ... 49 



Oceanic Observation and Prediction 49 



An Evolving Global System ....'. 55 



Mapping and Charting the Oceans 55 



Nautical Charts 55 



Geophysical Mapping 57 



Coastal Zone Mapping 58 



Automation of Data Acquisition, Processing, and Reduction 59 



Ocean Information Services 60 



The Smithsonian Institution Sorting Centers 63 



V. NATIONAL SECURITY 65 



Oceanographic Operations 66 



Environmental Prediction 69 



Ocean Science 70 



Ocean Engineering 72 



ARPA Marine Science and Technology 75 



VI. ADVANCING THE NATIONAL CAPABILITY IN MARINE SCI- 



ENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 77 



Sea Grant 77 



Manned Undersea Science and Technology Program 80 



NSF Oceanographic Facilities and Support 83 



Ocean Sediment Coring Program 83 



Oceanography From Space 84 



Transportation 88 



Major Research Projects 91 



International Field Year for the Great Lakes (IFYGL) 92 



Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway Navigation Season Extension 



Demonstration 95 



GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) 95 



Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX) 97 



Louisiana Coastal Ecology 97 



Activities of the IOC 98 



International Decade of Ocean Exploration 100 



Environmental Quality 101 



Environmental Forecasting 102 



Seabed Assessment 103 



Living Resources 103 



North Pacific Experiment (NORPAX) 104 



APPENDIXES 



A. Federal Marine Science Program, Fiscal Years 1971, 1972, and 1973 105 



A-1 Federal Marine Science Program by Department and Independent 



Agency 105 



A-2 Federal Marine Science Program by Major Purpose — Summary 106 



A-3 Federal Marine Science Program by Major Purpose — Detail by Sub- 

 purpose and Agency 106 



B. Federal Marine Science Activities by Agency Ill 



C. Establishment of National Advisory Committee on the Oceans and Atmos- 



phere 113 



D. Interagency Committee on Marine Science and Engineering of the Federal 



Council for Science and Technology 1 16 



E. Breadth of Territorial Seas and Fishing Jurisdictions Claimed by Selected 



Countries 118 



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