Chapter V 



NATIONAL SECURITY 



The portion of the Federal Ocean Program carried out in direct response 

 to the operational requirements of the armed services continues to represent 

 the largest single departmental contribution to the Federal Ocean Program. 

 Much of this contribution reflects the global scale of naval operations 

 and the operations-supporting role of marine science programs in the 

 Department of Defense conducted by the Navy, which also furnishes ocean- 

 ographic services to the Army and Air Force. Some research and develop- 

 ment activity in this area is supported by the Advanced Research Projects 

 Agency (ARPA), usually in response to special naval requirements. The 

 Army Corps of Engineers effort in the marine environment, although run 

 by a military organization, is part of the civil works programs described 

 elsewhere in this report. 



There are basic differences in the orientation of military and civil efforts. 

 For example, Navy ocean prediction needs are global and include both 

 physical variables deep in the water mass to support submarine and anti- 

 submarine warfare and air-sea interface phenomena which affect many 

 of its operations on a worldwide basis. The majority of the Navy's products 

 relate directly to the tactical employment of weapons systems. Connparable 

 civil programs, on the other hand, respond to commercial fisheries, the off- 

 shore mining industry, the protection of life and property, and so on. Further, 

 geographic areas for operational surveys vital to defense needs may be of 

 low priority in civil sector programs, for civil needs concentrate largely in 

 our coastal and offshore areas. 



Defense science and technology, however, are frequently the precursors 

 of major civil capabilities, while the very broad application of the marine 

 sciences to the Navy sustains a Defense Department interest in virtually all 

 civil effort. There is, therefore, constant attention to furthering the rapid 

 exchange of data between military and civil agencies. An important action 

 taken in this regard has been the exchange between NOAA and the Navy 

 of scientific management personnel and the assignment to the NOAA 

 Administrator of a Navy Vice Admiral as Naval Deputy and Associate 

 Administrator for Interagency Relations. 



The Navy program is divided into three primary areas: Oceanographic 

 operations, ocean science, and ocean engineering. Funding in these areas 



USNS Hayes {AGOR-16), Navy's newest and zvorld's largest catamaran research 

 ship. Hayes gives a new heavy equipment handling capability to scientists studying 

 underwater sound propagation. 



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