quantities of oil from the Eastern Hemisphere at minimum cost both 

 to the economy and to the environment. It is anticipated, however, 

 that construction and operation of such terminals will be left to the 

 private sector or to local public authorities. The requirement for 

 importing oil from foreign sources can be reduced to some extent by 

 increased production from Alaska and from the U.S. Outer 

 Continental Shelf. Significantly enlarged studies of marine-related 

 safety and pollution problems in production and transportation from 

 these areas are components of the Federal program proposed for 

 FY '74. Such studies will have an impact on accelerated leasing 

 schedules on the OCS, as well as on the construction of deepwater 

 ports. 



Fisheries, Transportation, and Coastal Zone Management 



Another important segment of the Federal program is support for 

 the development of fisheries. Basic scientific studies and stock 

 assessments and mapping have long been part of the program, not 

 only as direct aids to the fishing industry, but also to provide the 

 basis for more rational management and conservation. Closer 

 attention is being paid to improving coordination and cooperation 

 between the Federal Government and the States. As noted earlier, 

 much effort has been devoted to improving international cooperation 

 in the management of high-seas fisheries. As a result a large increase 

 in the level of fishery treaty enforcement and surveillance activities 

 is occurring in the current Federal program and will continue. The 

 Secretary of Commerce's Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee, 

 which is broadly representative of conservationists and commercial 

 and sports fishermen, has urged high priority for this program as an 

 effective means for protection of U.S. fisheries. An increase in the 

 endangered species and marine mammals research programs is 

 proposed, while support for the fish protein concentrate program has 

 been discontinued. 



Marine transportation continues as an important component of the 

 Federal program. One major element is the provision and 

 maintenance of harbors and navigable waters. Another consists of 

 advanced ship engineering development and programs for improved 

 economy, safety, and pollution control. 



Programs directed toward improved management of the coastal 

 zone, where industrial, residential, and recreational uses and 

 conflicts continue to intensify, are aimed at wise and efficient long- 

 term use of coastal resources. Coastal zone programs include 

 pollution abatement and control, conservation and recreation activ- 

 ities, and comprehensive regional environmental systems research. 

 The key to the solution of many coastal zone management problems 

 is proper planning of land and water use. Recent legislation provides 

 the impetus toward Federal technical and financial assistance to the 

 States for this purpose. This serves as a critical first step along the 

 way toward establishing more general land use policies. 



