vessel-source pollution under the 1973 Marine Pollution Convention 

 and send them directly to States without the review or approval of 

 the IMCO Assembly or Council. Such a procedure will ensure that 

 emergencies and new technologies are adequately and rapidly dealt 

 with. 



Concerning enforcement, the U.S. proposed that port States would 

 have the right to impose higher standards upon vessels entering their 

 ports, and flag States would have the right to apply higher standards 

 to their own flag vessels. Port States, flag States and coastal States 

 would all share enforcement rights and duties. In addition, the U.S. 

 draft articles give the coastal State extraordinary rights in three 

 situations: a finding by the dispute settlement machinery of a 

 persistent flag State failure to enforce; imminent danger to a coastal 

 State, due to the violation of applicable standards, requiring 

 reasonable emergency enforcement measures to prevent or mitigate 

 such danger; and imminent danger to a coastal State due to a 

 maritime casualty whish justified intervention under the 

 circumstances spelled out in the 1969 Intervention Convention. 



Debate within the working group on marine scientific research of 

 Sub-Committee III revealed a wide range of opinion, and the actual 

 drafting of agreed or bracketed treaty texts was left for the Law of 

 the Sea Conference itself. During the July-August session, the U.S. 

 submitted in Sub-Committee III draft articles on marine scientific 

 research. The U.S. proposal provides for a set of obligations on the 

 party conducting research in areas beyond the territorial sea where 

 the coastal State exercises jurisdiction over seabed resources and 

 coastal fisheries. These obligations would be in lieu of the consent 

 requirement by the coastal state advocated by many other 

 delegations. The obligations would include advance notification, 

 flag State certification that the research will be conducted by a 

 qualified institution, coastal State participation, sharing of data and 

 samples, assistance in interpreting the data, and compliance with 

 international environmental standards. Within the territorial sea the 

 U.S. proposal calls for cooperation by the coastal State in facilitating 

 research. 



Throughout the sessions of the Seabed Committee during 1973, the 

 United States emphasized the importance of a procedure for the 

 peaceful and compulsory settlement of disputes as an essential 

 aspect of a comprehensive Law of the Sea Convention. To this end, 

 the U.S. introduced general draft articles on dispute settlement in 

 August 1973. To allow the greatest flexibility, the U.S. draft articles 

 provide for settlement of disputes in any manner agreed to by the 

 parties concerned. If no agreement is reached, the dispute would be 

 settled by a Law of the Sea Tribunal established for that purpose 

 under the Convention. 



