Specific examples of cooperative efforts developed through 

 scientist-to-scientist cooperation are GEOSECS, continental margin 

 studies and research on plate tectonics and metallogenesis. The 

 Federal Republic of Germany, France, the United Kingdom, India, 

 Italy, and Japan have participated extensively in GEOSECS with 

 ships, personnel and laboratory facilities. 



During the first year of the Eastern South Atlantic Continental 

 Margin survey, participants came from Argentina, Brazil, the 

 Republic of the Congo, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of 

 Germany, France, Gabon, Ghana, Jamaica, Liberia, Nigeria, 

 Portugal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, and the United States. 

 The Western South Atlantic continental margin survey is also 

 underway with very active international scientific participation. 



Scientists from three U.S. laboratories, five Latin American 

 countries, and the Pan Americanlnstituteof Geography and History 

 are cooperating in the Nazca lithospheric plate project off the west 

 coast of South America. Latin American scientists participated in all 

 the initial cruises, and four worked in the United States on the data 

 reduction and analysis. The planning for the 1973 research phase 

 was a cooperative effort, as were the cruises themselves. 



In addition to encouraging participation by individual foreign 

 institutions and researchers, the United States has pressed for ex- 

 tensive internationalization of the IDOE through the 

 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of the United 

 Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). The 

 IOC, established in 1960, now has 79 members. 



At its Eighth Assembly, in 1973, the IOC provided strong 

 endorsement for all of NSF's major IDOE projects and adopted the 

 four major areas of concentration for the U.S. programs: 

 environmental quality, seabed assessment, environmental 

 forecasting, and living resources. To promote collaborative planning 

 of IDOE programs through the IOC, NSF/IDOE has provided a 2- 

 year planning grant to support workshops comprised of scientists 

 who will review existing efforts and develop new IDOE programs. 



NOAA and other Federal agencies participating in the Integrated 

 Global Ocean Station System (IGOSS) program will, beginning in 

 late 1974, cooperate in a 2-year data exchange pilot project for 

 marine pollution monitoring, designed by the joint Inter- 

 governmental Oceanographic Commission/World Meteorological 

 Organization Planning Group for IGOSS. The pilot project will focus 

 initially on oil and petroleum hydrocarbon residues. The first phase 

 of the pilot project will include observation of oil slicks and other 

 floating substances, sampling and analysis of particulate petroleum 

 residues or tar balls, and laboratory analysis of seawater samples to 

 monitor concentrations of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons. 



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