the water column) seaward of the eronomic zone. 



(2) What are the duties of the coastal states with respect to 

 conservation and full use of the fish stocks within the economic 

 zone? Three major approaches seem to have emerged. One is 

 complete exclusivity with no coastal state duties. Another is the 

 United States' approach, which couples exclusive coastal state 

 regulation with conservation and full use duties and special 

 treatment for anadromous and highly migratory species. A third, 

 which emphasizes the role of regional organizations, is advocated by 

 eight European countries. 



(3) What principles apply to the delimitation of the economic zone 

 or^ continental shelf between adjacent or opposite states? A 

 comprehensive law of the sea convention is not suitable for dealing 

 with details that are essentially bilateral problems. 



(4) What is the legal status of the economic zone? Some classic 

 high-seas freedoms will be limited and others retained. Some nations 

 want only defined rights to be exercised, others want all residual 

 rights to reside in the coastal state. 



Regime of Islands — This part of the working paper tries to come to 

 grips with a fundamental problem in all of the law of the sea, 

 provoked by the extensionof the breadth of jurisdictional zones: The 

 length of a coastline and its exposure to the open sea bear no 

 necessary relationship to abstract equitable criteria for appor- 

 tioning ocean areas and resources. Should a coastal state be entitled 

 to exercise the same jurisdiction in the large marine area surroun- 

 ding a small island as it would if the area were adjacent to a 

 continent? 



MARINE POLLUTION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 



The third committee divided into two informal working groups, 

 one on pollution and one on research. 



Marine Pollution — The group working on marine pollution entered 

 an area of concern that had not been considered at previous law of 

 the sea conferences. The Committee began work to resolve the 

 differences on monitoring and rights to set standards and enforce 

 them. The trend seems to have moved away from the setting of 

 standards by coastal states, especially with regard to construction 

 and design, and toward the international setting of standards. The 

 group is attempting to express in legal terms the underlying need to 

 harmonize economic and environmental interests. 



Scientific Research and Transfer of Technology— Because the 

 group would not come to an agreement on a definition that would 

 include research for commercial purposes, it put that matter aside 

 and began work on the general principles for conducting research 

 and the obligations for international and regional cooperation. The 



