and Federal laws pertaining to the coastal region; and encoruaging 

 community and citizen involvement in the planning process. 



Effective coastal zone management depends on understanding the 

 physical and biological processes in coastal waters and land areas, 

 and on developing techniques for predicting and controlling 

 pollution and shore erosion. Sea Grant scientists are contributing to 

 this understanding and development through their studies of 

 ecosystems, pollution, coastal engineering, and environmental 

 modeling. 



Education 



The Sea Grant Program recognizes that a skilled cadre of marine 

 scientists and technicians is essential to the development, use, and 

 management of marine resources. Education, thus, is an integral part 

 of the National Sea Grant Program, and a college or university must 

 offer marine science courses to qualify for institutional support. 



Educational projects of Sea Grant institutions cover a broad range: 

 developing graduate and undergraduate courses and curricula in 

 marine fields, training marine technicians, and preparing 

 educational materials on the marine environment for students from 

 kindergarten through high school. 



When the National Sea Grant Program began, marine industries 

 were expected to grow rapidly, producing a large demand for trained 

 manpower. Sea Grant stimulated the creation of graduate programs 

 in ocean engineering, law, economics, and marine affairs, supported 

 the improvement of existing programs in marine disciplines and 

 instituted or augmented a number of marine-technician training 

 programs. However, marine industries have not grown enough in 

 recent years to absorb all the qualified graduates of the academic and 

 technician training programs. Educational efforts have, therefore, 

 been reduced until a new need for expansion becomes apparent. In 

 many cases. States or counties have taken over support of these 

 programs. Sea Grant now is supporting the development of 71 

 college-level courses at 24 institutions. 



Marine Advisory Services 



The people-to-people emphasis of Sea Grant is strongest in its 

 marine advisory services. Experienced agents, usually from Sea 

 Grant institutions, aid marine industries and businesses, as well as 

 State and local governments, in developing and using marine 

 resources wisely. Marine-advisory services, marine research 

 programs, and educational activities, constitute the three essential 

 elements of a Sea Grant college or institutional program. 



Sea Grant advisory services have existed since the program began 



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