it is subject to urban development. The second is a study of the poUtics, 

 economics, and social attitudes involved in the decision-maHing process. 

 The goal of the work is to develop information useful to other areas 

 where urban development occurs in similar coastal environments. 

 Another project is aimed at refining methods for determining how often 

 different groups make use of water-based recreation, particularly in ur- 

 ban areas. 



Through its mission to protect tribal treaty rights and to foster Indian 

 social and economic advancement, DOI's BIA supports a wide range of 

 social and technical marine-related activities. Many of these activities 

 are conducted under the direction of. or through, tribal councils. They 

 include the planning and development of fishing and other industries, 

 such as the mariculture program being conducted by the Lummi Indians 

 in Washington, construction of fishing vessels for. use by an Alaskan 

 tribe, and the development of marinas and associated resort facilities by 

 the Red Cliff Tribe of northern Wisconsin. BIA provides direct legal sup- 

 port to the councils on matters concerning jurisdictional rights. Partly as 

 a result of this support, the courts have, for example, recently recognized 

 retained Indian rights to fishing in Lake Superior, and to anadromous 

 fishing in the Pacific Northwest, both of which are now controlled by In- 

 dian ordinances and exempt from State controls. 



Photo: NOAA 



39 



