INTRODUCTORY 11 



with Dr. Johan Hjort in the " Michael Sars " during the 

 summer of 1910, with notable results, which are now in course 

 of pubUcation. 



Several other national exploring expeditions followed 

 that of the " Challenger," and a few private or non-official 

 oceanographers have carried out very notable investigations 

 in their own vessels. Two of these stand out prominently 

 on account of the extent of their explorations, viz., (1) 

 Alexander Agassiz in America, who has, it is said, undertaken 

 more extensive cruises, chiefly for the purpose of examining 

 the details of coral reefs, than any other man ; and (2) the 

 late Prince of Monaco, the munificent founder of the Oceano- 

 graphic Institute at Paris and the Museum of Oceanography 

 at Monaco. The work of both these non-official oceano- 

 graphers will also be discussed in later chapters. 



Each of these pioneers, and founders as they may be 

 considered, of oceanography presents to the historian of 

 science so much of interest and real importance in relation to 

 the rapid growth of our knowledge of the sea, and is so much 

 a prototype of the workers of his period, that I propose 

 to devote the next few chapters to short biographical 

 studies of the main events in the life and work of each of 

 the men I have mentioned from Edward Forbes onwards. 

 It is surely only right that the younger generations of oceano- 

 graphers who are making the advances of the present and 

 the future, should be informed what manner of men their 

 predecessors were, and how they Hved and did their work. 



