336 APPENDIX 



side, could most profitably be begun in shallow seas, and not 

 on the vessel carrying the main expedition over the deep 

 oceans. 



(4) In the departments of geology and geography there 

 are indicated as subjects for study both shallow and deep 

 water deposits, and the various methods of deposition ; 

 sediments on the sea-bottom in relation to the movement 

 (rising or sinking) of adjacent land areas (a matter which 

 in turn bears upon the encroachments of the sea upon the 

 land, or the reverse) ; borings on the floor of the sea for the 

 extension of knowledge of the rocks composing the crust of 

 the earth ; the physical conditions of oceanic islands ; the 

 growth and other problems of coral reefs and islands. 



(5) In the department of anthropology it is pointed out 

 that the opportunity for landing parties on oceanic islands 

 (especially in the Pacific) would give occasion for obser- 

 vations on the ethnography, habits, and life of native 

 populations ; any medical officer attached to such parties 

 would find matter for study in the physical characters and 

 diseases of natives. 



It is not suggested that the foregoing summary by any means 

 covers a complete list of the problems of the ocean requiring 

 investigation, nor, on the other hand, that these need aU be 

 undertaken by one expedition ; but they are sufficient to show 

 that there is still much to be found out in all branches of oceano- 

 graphy, and that a further scientific exploration of the oceans 

 will add to knowledge in many branches of science, and should 

 also aid in the advancement of various industries based upon 

 marine products of economic importance. 



It may be desirable to refer to the relations between the work 

 of such an expedition as is here proposed — work which, while 

 temporary in character, would be world-wide in scope — and that 

 carried on under the International Council for the Study of the 

 Sea in the North Atlantic and adjoining European seas. This 

 latter work, while restricted in scope, is permanent, and the 

 proposed oceanographic expedition covers a wider range in 

 science, and would offer an unsurpassable opportunity of 

 qualifying investigators to take part in future oceanographical 

 and fisheries research under a permanent organization. 



