16 FRONTIERS IN OCEANIC RESEARCH 



But there certainly is an area to me where pure science should have 

 its rightful place, and on that basis it should be not only scholarships 

 or grants from the National Science Foundation, but it should be 

 seeing that the research is on a broad enough basis that we can look 

 ahead far into the future. 



That kind of a jurisdiction is under this Committee on Science and 

 Astronautics. You agree that generally as a statement, that there 

 should be a place for a broad view that is not particularly a practical 

 application of science in oceanography ? 



Dr. Brown. I would prefer not to get involved in problems of or- 

 ganizing the U.S. Congress. 



Mr. Fulton. I didn't ask you on organization. I said — I will re- 

 peat it — is there a broad field for the application of pure science in 

 oceanography, that is the only question I asked you. 



Dr. Brown. Oh, indeed there is, sir. 



As I have already stated, I believe that basic research, pure science 

 in oceanography, is perhaps the most important area on which we 

 should concentrate our efforts at the present time. 



Mr. Fulton. So that it is a real area, and it is a demanding area, 

 and one in which we should make a good effort to keep the United 

 States abreast of our friendly and unfriendly competitors in this 

 scientific race in this generation ? 



Dr. Brown. That is correct. May I just add one sentence or two to 

 that? And that is, I believe it important, however, that those agen- 

 cies, those Government agencies which are given practical problems to 

 solve — for example, the Navy has practical problems of defense ; the 

 Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has practical problems of finding 

 out how many fish there are and where they are ; the Atomic Energy 

 Commission has practical problems involving radioactivity — it is 

 terribly important that they maintain close contact with basic 

 research, with the pure scientific endeavor and, indeed, participate 

 in it themselves, so that they can appreciate what is happening, so 

 that they will know what is happening and can guide their own 

 behavior accordingly. 



Mr. Fulton. The problem in Government is, for example, in the 

 Department of Defense, that the end result of the operations of the 

 Department of Defense is often weaponry systems. The question then 

 comes in budgeting, whether you always have to budget research and 

 development for the purpose of entering into a weaponry system. 



That is quite a limitation on the Department of Defense operation, 

 but I do believe, not only within the Department of Defense but out- 

 side, there should be a place for the basic research and pure science ; 

 and don't you feel that, too? 



Dr. Brown. Indeed ; yes. 



Mr. Fulton. Then, on the budget you would come up — we have a 

 pamphlet here from the National Academy of Sciences — National 

 Research Council. They had recommended a 5-year budget from 19G0 

 to 1964 of $47,900,000, and a 5-year budget for 1965 to 1969 of 

 $52,500,000, totaling the budget for the 10-year period, 1960-70, of 

 $100,400,000. 



They have likewise stated the U.S. Navy should probably take care 

 of one-half of the costs of that budget, which would mean a budget 

 of about $50 million, which would be outside a direct application 

 such as for defense purposes. 



