FRONTIERS IN OCEANIC RESEARCH 17 



Do you think that that budget of $50 million for 10 years— it would 

 be more or less of what we would call pure science or basic research, 

 as distinguished from applied science — is enough ? 



Dr. Brown. Keep in mind, first, that these are 1958 dollars; but, 

 quite apart from that, we based our recommendations on our best guess 

 as to how quickly the manpower could be relieved. 



Additional appropriations do not help one if you don't have people 

 who are competent to make use of the appropriations. 



As a result, I believe that our recommendations are realistic, given 

 our best guess concerning what can be done about the manpower. 



Now, if by some chance the manpower situation can be relieved more 

 rapidly than we guessed, then I by all means would urge that more 

 money go into basic research than we recommended. 



Mr. Fulton. Would you comment now on the advance the Rus- 

 sians are making in this same field as compared to our U.S. advance? 

 For example, they have the Russian oceanographic ship, Vityaz. 

 They also have the Lomonosov, the new one. Are we keeping pace in 

 the type of equipment and the type of work they are doing ? 



Dr. Brown. I believe that we have to keep in mind when we talk 

 about Russian activity in this area, that they started intensive efforts 

 in oceanography only quite recently. 



I am told by my friends who have studied the situation that in ef- 

 fect what they are doing now on a large scale is training young ocea- 

 nographers. They suffer from the same kind of problem from which 

 we suffer and that is inadequate trained manpower in the field. 



Their large ships are being used in part as training ships for young 

 people in oceanography. 



Now, on the basis of what I have read and on the basis of what I 

 have learned from talking with Russian oceanographers, as well as 

 with oceanographers from other countries who have studied what the 

 Russians are doing, my best guess would be that the rate of improve- 

 ment in the Soviet Union in this respect is considerably greater than 

 the rate of improvement in the United States. 



Now, this doesn't mean that they are ahead of us at the present time, 

 but the curves are likely to cross. 



Mr. Fulton. Thank you. 



Mr. Anfuso. Thank you, Mr. Fulton. 



At this time I wish to congratulate the members of this committee 

 for limiting their questions, in view of the fact we have other wit- 

 nesses from California. 



Now, our distinguished member from Utah, Mr. King. 



Mr. King. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



I wish there were several days to go into some of the very interest- 

 ing facets of this problem, but I will just ask one or two questions, 

 Dr. Brown. 



First of all, would you say that at the present time we have one co- 

 ordinated oceanographic program in the United States? Is there 

 such a thing ? 



Dr. Brown. I would not call it one coordinated oceanographic 

 program as yet, but it does appear to be emerging. 



For some months now there has been in existence an informal co- 

 ordinating committee on oceanography with representation from those 

 Government agencies which are concerned, and that has been more re- 



