12 FRONTIERS IN OCEANIC RESEARCH 



Dr. Brown. I believe that all of the Government agencies which I 

 have mentioned do share this concern. Indeed they share it to the 

 point where jointly they approached the National Academy for the 

 purpose of asking them to make this investigation. 



Mr. Anfuso. Now, Doctor, without going into details of pending 

 bills on marine sciences, do you believe that existing legislation is in- 

 adequate for the executive branch to fulfill its responsibilities in sup- 

 port of a national program in oceanography ? 



Dr. Brown. Pardon me, would you repeat that, I didn't quite get 

 that, 



Mr. Anfuso. Would you read it back ? 



(Question read.) 



Dr. Brown. I believe that there are many features involved which 

 must be clarified, and I believe that these aspects can be — should be 

 clarified by new legislation. 



There are many aspects of our recommendations which can be 

 conducted with existing authorizations and within the framework 

 of the existing structure, but certainly new ingredients have to be 

 added to it. 



Mr. Anfuso. What would you say distinguishes oceanography 

 from other multidisciplinary sciences, which warrants special legis- 

 lation? 



Dr. Brown. I would say perhaps the most important distinguish- 

 ing feature involves the very large capital investment required in 

 order to get started. 



You have to work in units, and the smallest unit involves one ship. 

 One ship is very expensive, and requires the coordination of every- 

 thing around it, so one cannot just sort of start in the marine sciences, 

 you have to start in a big way. 



Mr. Anfuso. You suggested the doubling of research efforts dur- 

 ing the next 10 years. What is the present size of this effort in terms 

 of scientific manpower, do you know ? 



Dr. Brown. I do not know in terms of scientific manpower. I be- 

 lieve that in terms of dollars 



Mr. Anfuso. Can you compare it with science and engineering 

 efforts in outer space — for outer space ? 



Dr. Brown. I can compare it only qualitatively, and there it is 

 tiny, extremely small. 



Mr. Anfuso. All right, 



Now, one important provision of the major bill now pending before 

 the ( ingress is, and I quote : 



The Congress further declares that a coordinated Long-range program of 

 oceanographic research requires the establishment <>f a Division of Marine 

 Sciences in the National Science Foundation which shall include representa- 

 tion from Government agencies having duties or responsibilities connected with 

 or related to the seas and oceans, and oceanographic scientists associated with 

 universities, institutions affiliated with universities, laboratories, or foundations, 

 and which division shall be authorized and directed (A) to develop and encour- 

 age a continuing national policy and program for the promotion of oceano- 

 graphic research, surveys, and education in the marine sciences : Provided, That 

 the long-range program for oceanographic research developed and projected by 

 the Chief of Naval Research. Department of the Navy, and approved by the 

 Chief of Naval Operations, known as project TENOC 1 10 years in oceanography) 

 he Incorporated in the national program and policy. 



Do you personally and does your committee on oceanography agree 

 with this provision of the bill ? You have read the bill, haven't you '. 



