ATLANTIC OCEAN AND CONNECTING SEAS 



OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA, VERTICAL SECTIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY FOR 

 THE NORWEGIAN SEA, THE POLAR SEA, AND ADJACENT AREAS 



By Prof. HARALD U. SVERDRUP 

 Director, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California 



AND 



Prof. B. HELLAND-HANSEN 



Director, Geophysical Institute, Bergen, Norway 



Pl-ites 1, 2, 3 



Following the plan agreed upon during confer- 

 ences in Bergen I have completed the compilation 

 of the oceanographic data from the Norwegian Sea, 

 the Polar Sea, and adjacent areas. 



I had special charts of the Norwegian Sea made 

 and on these the available observations of tempera- 

 ture and salinity at the depths 500, 1000, and 2000 

 meters have been entered. I included the 500 

 meter level in order to give a more comprehensive 

 view of the greater amount of material which is 

 available from the upper layers. In the charts the 

 1000 meter isobath has been shown. It will be 

 noted that some stations with observations below 

 1000 meters fall inside the line. The reason is that 

 the depth curve has been taken from Helland- 

 Hansen and Nansen's bathymetric chart of the 

 Norwegian Sea of 1909 and has not been corrected 

 according to results of later soundings. The chart, 

 however, can not be much in error. 



I include here lists giving: 



1. Abbreviations used in the charts. 



2. List of publications containing observations 



from the Norwegian Sea. 



3. List of publications containing observations 



from the sea east of Spitsbergen, Murman 

 Sea, Barentz Sea, etc. 



4. List of publications containing observations 



from the Kara Sea, the Siberian Sea, the 

 Polar Sea, etc. 

 ■ 5. List of publications containing observations 

 from the Baltic. 

 No special list of publications containing observa- 

 tions from the North Sea has been prepared, since 

 practically all data are contained in the Bulletins 

 of the Conseil International. 



I beg to note that a great number of observations 



in the Faeroe-Scotland channel have not been 

 entered in the charts, because they would become 

 overfilled. 



I hope that the lists are complete, but our library 

 and the other libraries to which we have access 

 may not contain all existing publications. 



Since the paper prepared by Professor Sverdrup 

 could not be promptly published after it was sub- 

 mitted, additional oceanographic observations 

 needed to be incorporated. This supplement was 

 kindly undertaken by Prof. B. Helland-Hansen, the 

 Director of the Geophysical Institute at Bergen, 

 who makes the following comments: 



The published observations are to be found in the 

 Bulletins Hydrographiques. The stations are marked 

 and distinguished after the same principles as have been 

 used by Sverdrup. Data from the Bulletins are indicated 

 thus: Bull. 1932 C17, 1933 C18, 1934 C'19, and 1935 C20. 

 For 1933 I have also entered some stations marked CIS''. 

 The observations are to be found in an appendix for that 

 year, accompanying the Bulletin for 1934. All of them 

 are made by the Norwegian sealer Heimland I. The 

 areas neglected by Sverdrup and mentioned in his text, 

 have been neglected here too. 



Beside the stations from which observations have been 

 published in detail, I have also marked on the charts all the 

 stations occupied by the Armauer Hansen in the southern 

 part of the Norwegian Sea 1935 and 1936. These stations 

 are not distinguished by any letters; the numbers for each 

 year are indicated in such a way that the number of every 

 station can be found out. It will be some time before the 

 observations can be printed. They will be published in con- 

 nection with all our meteorological observations and the re- 

 sults of dynamic calculations. I think that it may be of in- 

 terest to see the grouping of these stations. It may be 

 added that our observations in The Norwegian Sea from 

 1935 and 1936 only rarely embrace 500 meters. We had in 

 1935 observations at 400 and 600 meters wherever the depth 

 to the bottom was large enough. Most of these stations are 

 indicated in the chart for 1,000 meters. In 1936 we also had 



