PACIFIC OCEAN 



SERIAL SECTIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY 



Plate 12, 13, 14A, 14B, 15, 16, 17 



For the compilation here presented the chart 

 entitled "Hydrographische Reihenmessungen seit 

 1870 im Stillen Ozean mit Beobachtungen von mehr 

 als 1000 m. bzw. 3000 m.," published by Defant' 

 is used as a base. The data indicated on Defant's 

 chart have been used by Wiist^ in his article cited in 

 the footnote. Defant plotted on the chart pub- 

 lished by him the data available in the Institut fiir 

 Meereskunde up to February 1, 1928. 



Subsequent to the date of publication, 1929, of the 

 paper by Wiist, cited above, other important con- 

 tributions to the knowledge of the oceanography 

 of the Pacific Ocean have been published. Some 

 of these are listed opposite the names of vessels that 

 have conducted oceanographic expeditions in the 

 Pacific during the past few years but a few others 

 should be mentioned. 



Attention will first be called to the monumental 

 work of Gerhard Schott' entitled "Geographic des 

 Indischen und Stillen Ozeans," published in Ham- 

 burg in 1935. This work, besides describing the 

 general oceanographic features of the Pacific and 

 presenting many excellently executed charts, con- 

 tains numerous references to literature, and there 

 are two chapters devoted to the history of explora- 

 tion and research in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. 



Another paper is entitled "A Report on Oceano- 

 graphical Investigations in the Peru Coastal Cur- 

 rent," by E. R. Gunther,^ and a third is "The 

 Hydrology of the Southern Ocean," by G. E. R. 

 Deacon.^ 



Although an endeavor has been made to ]:)lot 

 on the charts of the Pacific as many as possible 



' Defant, A., Die systeraatische Erforschung des Welt- 

 meeres: Gesellsch. fiir Erdk. Berlin. Zeitseh., Jubilaums- 

 Sonderband, 1928, pp. 4.59-505, pi. 32, figs. 18-31. 



- Wiist, Georg, Schichtung und Tiefenzirkulation des 

 Pazifischen Ozeans: Institut fiir Meereskunde, Berlin, N. F., 

 A. Geograph.-Naturwissensch. Reihe, Heft 20, pp. 1-64, 

 4 pis., 14 figs., 1929. 



• ' Pp. xix, 413, 114 text figs., 37 pis.. Section on bottom 

 deposits by W. Schott, and a chapter on life in the Indian 

 and Pacific Oceans by E. Hentschel. 



* Discovert Reports, vol. 13, pp. 107-276, pis. 14, 16, 

 1936. 



' Discovert Reports, vol. 15, pp. 1-124, pis. 1^4, 1937. 



of the stations occupied for the subsurface deter- 

 mination of temperature and salinity, it is known 

 that there are at least two deficiencies. More sta- 

 tions have been worked by the Japanese than have 

 been put down on the charts. In addition to the 

 stations which had already been plotted by Defant, 

 there have been plotted stations occupied by the 

 Mansyu in its operations between April, 1925, and 

 March, 1928, as recorded in the list of sources from 

 which information was taken. The report on the 

 result of the operations of the Mansyu was pub- 

 lished in 1933. There have also been added the sta- 

 tions occupied in the Japan Sea by the fisheries 

 steamer Soyo Maru in 1932. The Japanese, how- 

 ever, have done much more oceanographic work 

 than is shown by these stations. For references 

 to the Japanese literature "The Records of Oceano- 

 graphic Works in Japan," should be examined. 

 In this series there are classified lists of papers and 

 reports on oceanographic subjects published in 

 Japan. The publications are classified under the 

 captions "Physical and Chemical Oceanography," 

 "Fundamental Marine Biology," and "Fisheries 

 and Fisheries Technology." During recent years 

 the Japanese have become very active in oceano- 

 graphic research and their later work meets in its 

 precision the requirements of modern oceanographic 

 research. 



Although the Russians have been active in 

 oceanographic work in the northern part of the Sea 

 of Japan, the Okhotsch Sea, and in the northwest 

 Pacific east of Kamtchatka, records of the stations 

 occupied have not been available for use in the prep- 

 aration of this report except those for two vessels 

 the Krasny Vimpel and the Vorovsky. The 

 names of both of these vessels are entered in the 

 list of the sources of data and references are given 

 to the U. S. S. R. Hydrometeorological Observations 

 of Hydrographic Expeditions. 



Except the deficiencies above enumerated it is 

 hoped that the records of the sources of data are 

 practically complete. 



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