78 



INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF OCEANOGRAPHY 



States. (See article by Prof. F. A. Veiling Meinesz, 

 this report page 59.) 



Terrestrial magnetism. Observations to aid navi- 

 gation are made by most hydrographic services, but 

 research has been very restricted. (See article by 

 Dr. J. A. Fleming, this report, page 50.) 



Fisheries. Except general marine biology, the 

 provisions for fishery investigations e.xceed those 

 for any other kind of oceanographic work. Nearly 

 every country of importance has either a .separate 

 fishery service, or fishery research is assigned as a 

 function to an institution of broader oceanographic 

 scope, for example, the Institvit oc^anographique 

 de rindochine. In some countries, such as the 

 United States, subordinate political subdivisions 

 support special services, for example, the State of 

 California. It is probable that some of the sub- 

 ordinate fishery services have not been included in 

 this catalogue. 



Marine biology. There is in this volume no special 

 discussion of marine biology. The amount of 

 attention paid the subject is shown in the table of 

 institutions engaged in oceanographic work. More 

 attention is given marine biology than to any other 

 aspect of the sea. The investigation of the marine 



environments has lagged behind the study of the 

 organisms that live in those enviromnents. Refer- 

 ences are given in the footnote below' to two 

 symposia, of which most of the papers are here 

 pertinent. The purport of the one by the compiler 

 of this volume is obvious from its title. The article 

 is based on a study of the programs of the leading 

 marine biological stations of the world. 



1 Ecolog. Mon., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 421-554, 1934. 

 Conditions of Existence of Aquatic Animals, Symposium 

 at the Century of Progress Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, 

 .Tune 22, 1933: 



Conditions of life in the ocean, August Krogh. 

 Conditions of life at great depths in the ocean, August 



Krogh. 

 Particulate and dissolved organic matter in inland 



lakes, E. A. Birge and C. Juday. 

 Ecology of lake fishes, A. S. Pearse. 

 The biochemistry of the invertebrates of the sea, Paul 



S. Galtsoff. 

 Faith in the results of controlled laboratory experi- 

 ments as applied in nature, V. E. Shelford. 

 Oceanography, Symposium, Boston, Massachusetts, 

 December 30, 1933: 



Present trends in the investigation of the relations of 

 marine organisms to their environment, T. Way- 

 land Vaughan. 

 The distribution and conditions of existence of bacteria 



in the sea, Selman A. VVakman. 

 Factors affecting the vertical distribution of copepods, 



George L. Clarke. 

 Concerning the organization of marine communities, 

 W. C. Allee. 



INSTRUCTION IN OCEANOGRAPHY 



This catalogue of institutions was intended to 

 make records of those institutions engaged in 

 oceanographic activities other than in.struction, but 

 as instruction is a part of the programs of many, 

 it has been indicated both in the statements regard- 

 ing the institutions and in the table. Leaving out 

 those institutions that are concerned only with 

 biological subjects, a list of the institutions in the 

 table that give instruction in oceanography, its 

 physical and chemical aspects, with variable em- 

 phasis on its biological aspects are as follows : 



Czechoslovakia: Prague, Geographical Institute, 

 Charles University. 



England: Hull, Department of Zoology and Oceanog- 

 raphy, University College, Hull. Liverpool, De- 

 partment of Oceanography, University of Liver- 

 pool. 



France: Paris, Institut Oceanographique. 



Germany: Berlin, Institut fUr Meereskunde. 



Kiel, Universitiit, Meereschemisches Laboratorium 

 and Meeresgeologische Forschungsstelle. 



Italy: Naples, Gabinetto di Oceanografia e Meteoro- 

 logia. University, di Napoli. 



Norway: Bergen, Det Geofysiske Institutt. 



Sweden: Goteborg, Oceanografiska Institutionen vid 

 Goteborgs Hogskola. 



United States: Cambridge, Mass., Department of 

 Oceanography, M. C. Z., Harvard University. 



La Jolla, Calif., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 

 University of California. 



Pacific Grove, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford 

 University. 



Seattle, Wash., Oceanographic Laboratories, Univer- 

 sity of Washington. 

 Japan: Kyoto, Institute of Physical Oceanography, 

 Imperial University of Kyoto. 



Tokyo, Imperial Fisheries Institute. 



Special instruction in hydrographic surveying 

 and allied subjects is given to naval officers by 

 several of the hydrographic services of important 

 countries. 



The foregoing tabulation and note do not repre- 

 sent all available instruction in oceanography. 

 Supplements are as follows: 



Norway: Oslo, Institute of Geography, University of 

 Oslo, Professor Werner Werenskiold conducts the 

 course. A volume by him is mentioned below.' 



Prof. V. Bjerknes at Oslo gives no courses but is avail- 

 able for conferences. 



2 Werenskiold, Werner, Fysisk Geografi, I. Geofysik, 

 Meteorologi, Oceanografi: H. Aschehoug and Co., Oslo, 

 1925, Oceanografi, pp. 244-340. 



