182 



INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF OCEANOGRAPHY 



practical value as a record of atmospheric events 

 affecting commerce and navigation, and also 

 of great value to meteorological science; investiga- 

 tions are conducted in the field of marine me- 

 teorology, and results of investigation by other 

 scientific workers are coordinated. 



Equipment: Adequate office quarters and storage 

 space in Government-owned buildings at Wash- 

 ington, D. C, and at suitable Weather Bureau 

 field stations in the major ports of the United 

 States and its possessions. 



Staff: Senior Meteorologist, Chief of Division, I. R. 

 Tannehill; Associate Meteorologist, Asst. Chief 

 of Division, W. E. Hurd; Associate Meteorologist, 

 Gardner Emmons; 2 senior scientific aids; 1 

 scientific aid; 2 assistant scientific aids; 1 senior 

 clerk; 1 assistant clerk. 



(Personnel at field stations not specifically 

 assigned to the Marine Division, but cooperating 

 on a flexible basis.) 



Provisions for visiting investigators: Good provision 

 for individual visiting investigators, but space 

 not available to accommodate \isiting workers 

 in groups of more than two or three. 



Income: Costs covered as a part of Congressional 

 appropriations for the Weather Bureau ; no direct 

 income. 



Provision for publication of results: Monthly sum- 

 maries of weather conditions over North Atlantic 

 and North Pacific oceans published regularly, and 

 special articles occasionally, in the Monthly 

 Weather Review. Compilations of averages, and 

 special articles and summaries published in the 

 Pilot Charts and in Sailing Directions and Naval 

 Air Pilots of the United States Hydrographic 

 Office. 



Florida 



Tortugas Laboratory ('37) 



History or origin: This laboratory was built upon 

 Loggerhead Key, Tortugas, in June, 1904, the 

 site being occupied under a revocable license from 

 the U. S. Department of Commerce which main- 

 tains a lighthouse station on the Key. Work 

 was inaugurated and conducted under the direc- 

 torship of Doctor Alfred G. Mayor, who died in 

 June, 1922. Since then the Laboratory has been 

 open each summer, with Doctor W. H. Longley in 

 administrative charge, until his death March 10, 

 1937. Doctor D. H. Tennent is now in charge. 

 Many studies have been undertaken in continua- 



tion of previous work, or in direct relation to 

 investigations otherwise supported by the Car- 

 negie Institution of Washington. The site was 

 chosen on account of the purity of the ocean water 

 which surrounds this group of seven small sandy 

 islands, the proximity of the Gulf Stream with 

 its abundant life, the presence of the richest coral 

 reefs of Florida, and the absence of local fisheries. 

 The Laboratory is equipped to afford excellent 

 facilities to competent investigators for the study 

 of many problems of the tropical ocean and its 

 life. Special expeditions have been undertaken 

 to Australia, Samoa, Fiji, Jamaica, Bermuda, 

 Porto Rico, Tobago, and the Bahamas. From 

 1917 until 1920, four expeditions to study the 

 reefs of Tutuila, American Samoa, were con- 

 ducted, comprising the first thorough study of any 

 high island of the Pacific in relation to its coral 

 reefs. 

 Location: On Loggerhead Key, The Dry Tortugas, 



68 miles west of Key West, Florida. 

 Organization to which attached: Carnegie Institution 



of Washington, Washington, D. C. 

 Purposes: Research only. 



Scope of activities: Systematic zoology and botany; 

 experimental studies in ecology, heredity, re- 

 generation and growth ; intensive study of geology, 

 botany, zoology, and physiography of coral reefs; 

 chemistry and physics of the tropical ocean with 

 relation to life. 

 Equipment: 1 laboratory building; 1 laboratory 

 building, with annex (serving as aquarium); 

 1 yacht Anton Dohrn, 71 ft. long, twin-screw, 

 100 h.p., equipped to work to a depth of 600 

 fathoms; 2 launches, Velella and Darwin, 

 28 ft. long; service buildings, including kitchen, 

 dining-room and machine shop. 

 Staff: Officer in charge. Dr. D. H. Tennent, Bryn 



Mawr, Pennsylvania. 

 Provisions for visiting investigators: Limited number 

 of investigators chosen for special .studies during 

 summer season. 

 Income: Grant of approximately $14,000 for main- 

 tenance and expenses for each season. 

 Provision for publication of results: Twenty-eight 

 volumes of "Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory 

 of the Carnegie Institution of Washington" have 

 so far been published, including 178 papers. The 

 Institution has also published a few special mono- 

 graphs and investigators have issued many reports 

 of their work in appropriate journals. 



